是
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Translingual
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Han character
是 (radical 72, 日+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日一卜人 (AMYO), four-corner 60801, composition ⿱日𤴓)
References
- KangXi: page 493, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13859
- Dae Jaweon: page 858, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1497, character 5
- Unihan data for U+662F
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
是 | |
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variant forms | 昰 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 是 | |||||||
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Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||
Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (是) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
鞮 | *teː |
隄 | *teː, *deː |
堤 | *teː, *teːʔ, *dje |
鍉 | *teː |
蝭 | *teːs, *deː |
醍 | *tʰeːʔ, *deː |
緹 | *tʰeːʔ, *deː |
提 | *deː, *dje |
瑅 | *deː |
題 | *deː, *deːs |
媞 | *deː, *deːʔ, *djeʔ |
褆 | *deː, *deʔ, *djeʔ |
禔 | *deː, *tje, *dje |
騠 | *deː |
趧 | *deː |
鯷 | *deː, *deːs, *djes |
踶 | *deːs, *deʔ |
徥 | *deʔ, *djeʔ |
匙 | *dje |
是 | *djeʔ |
諟 | *djeʔ |
翨 | *hljes, *kles |
睼 | *tʰeːns |
寔 | *djɯɡ |
湜 | *dɯɡ |
遈 | *djɯɡ |
Originally a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djeʔ) : semantic 早 + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ), but the original meaning is unclear. It has been suggested that 早 looks like a spoon, so 是 may have been the original character for 匙 (OC *dje, “spoon”). As early as in late bronze inscriptions, the lower part of 早 split off and combined with 止 to give 昰, which carried over to the small seal script, and Shuowen considers this a compound of 日 (“sun”) + 正 (“upright; right”) (i.e. as the upright sun).
Etymology
“This [an independent pronoun] > be right, correct, to be, so”. From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-daj ~ m-di (“that; this”). Cognate with Tibetan དེ (de, “that”), Jingpho dai, ndai (“this”).
Cognate with 寔 (OC *djɯɡ, “this”), 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “this”) and 諟 (OC *djeʔ, “to examine, to consider”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
是
- † this; this thing
- (copulative) to be
- indicating that the subject and object are the same.
- indicating that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase.
- indicating a place being occupied by the object, where the place forms the subject.
- indicating that the subject and object are the same.
- a particle emphasizing the word following it.
- a particle showing agreement. In this meaning, 是 is stressed. truly; indeed.
- (only in compounds) true, correct
- (This is a fossil word from Ancient Chinese where 是 (OC *djeʔ) originally means "what is right (for the country)", i.e., "laws and policies")
- A surname.
Usage notes
When translated as "to be", 是 is used only to link two nouns or nominal expressions.
是 is not used to link a noun and an adjective. The following sentence would be incorrect:
The correct sentence is
Here, 很 (hěn) is used as a filler to link a noun and an adjective and is not interpreted as "very".
A way to use 是 with an adjective is to use 的 (de) after the adjective to turn it into a noun.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map] | ||
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Variety | Location | Words |
Classical Chinese | 此, 斯, 是, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 這 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 這 |
Taiwan | 這 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 呢, 依 |
Hong Kong | 呢, 依 | |
Taishan | 該 | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 這 |
Liudui (S. Sixian) | 這 | |
Hsinchu (Hailu) | 這 | |
Dongshi (Dabu) | 這 | |
Hsinchu (Raoping) | 這 | |
Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 這 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 爾 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 只 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 這 |
Quanzhou | 只, 這 | |
Zhangzhou | 這 | |
Taipei | 這 | |
Chaozhou | 只 | |
Shantou | 只 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 搿, 迭 old-style, 第 obsolete |
Wenzhou | 個 |
Dialectal synonyms of 是 (“to be (+ noun)”) [map] | ||
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Variety | Location | Words |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 是 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 是 |
Taiwan | 是 | |
Tianjin | 是 | |
Jinan | 是 | |
Xi'an | 是 | |
Wuhan | 是 | |
Chengdu | 是 | |
Yangzhou | 是 | |
Hefei | 是 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 係 |
Hong Kong | 係 | |
Taishan | 係 | |
Yangjiang | 係 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 是 |
Hakka | Meixian | 係 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 係 | |
Liudui (S. Sixian) | 係 | |
Hsinchu (Hailu) | 係 | |
Dongshi (Dabu) | 係 | |
Hsinchu (Raoping) | 係 | |
Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 係 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 是 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 是 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 是 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 是 |
Quanzhou | 是 | |
Zhangzhou | 是 | |
Taipei | 是 | |
Kaohsiung | 是 | |
Tainan | 是 | |
Taichung | 是 | |
Hsinchu | 是 | |
Lukang | 是 | |
Sanxia | 是 | |
Yilan | 是 | |
Kinmen | 是 | |
Magong | 是 | |
Penang | 是 | |
Chaozhou | 是 | |
Shantou | 是 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 是 |
Suzhou | 是 | |
Wenzhou | 是 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 是 |
Shuangfeng | 是 |
Compounds
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References
- “是”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #5013”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Korean
Vietnamese
Han character
是 (thị)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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