長

• 镸 (when used as a radical)

長 (radical 168, 長+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 尸一女 (SMV), four-corner 7173₂, composition ⿱⿺丄三⿰𠄌⿺乀丿(GJKV) or ⿸⿱⿺丄三𠄌⿺乀丿(HT) or ⿱⿰丨三⿸⿱一𠄌⿺乀丿(HT))

1. Kangxi radical #168, ⾧.

• Index:Chinese radical/長
• 髟

• KangXi: page 1328, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41100
• Dae Jaweon: page 1829, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4050, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9577

Historical forms of the character 長
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) – originally long hair; compare 彡.

Three pronunciations below are cognate, all derived from the original root of 張 (*traŋ, “to make long; to stretch; to string a bow”).

Pronunciation 1 ("long") is the endopassive derivative ("be extended, be stretched"), with intransitive voicing. The lack of Tibeto-Burman cognates with the same meaning indicate that this is a Chinese innovation. Pronunciation 2 ("to grow") is the endoactive derivative.

See 張 for more.

長

1. long (of distance)

   長征 / 长征  ―  chángzhēng  ―  Long March

2. length

   全長 / 全长  ―  quáncháng  ―  full length (of a river)

3. long (in space); far; distant
4. long (of time); lasting
5. everlasting; permanent
6. constantly; frequently

   ⇒ 常

7. straight; perfectly straight
8. upright; right; good; fine
9. strength; advantage; merit
10. skill; specialism
11. to excel in
12. A surname​.

長

1. to begin to grow; to grow; to develop

   長大 / 长大  ―  zhǎngdà  ―  to grow old

2. (of a person) to look; to appear (e.g. beautiful)
3. (transitive) to increase; to enhance
4. (intransitive) to increase; to go up

   ⇒ 漲

5. to nourish
6. old (of age)

   年長 / 年长  ―  niánzhǎng  ―  senior

7. senior; elder

   兄長 / 兄长  ―  xiōngzhǎng  ―  elder brother

8. leader; master; chief; head
9. eldest; oldest

長

1. (archaic) length; measure of length

   ⇒ 丈

2. (archaic, Min) to be left over; surplus, residue

   今旦飯長野儕。 [Min Dong, trad.]
   今旦饭长野侪。 [Min Dong, simp.]

   Gĭng-dáng buông diông iā sâ̤ / [kiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(t-)nɑŋ²¹³ puɔŋ²⁴² tuɔŋ²⁴² ia³³ sɑ²⁴²] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]

   There is a lot of leftover food today.

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. long, lengthy
2. long time
3. growing, increasing
4. excellent, great
5. comfortable, relaxing
6. elder, old, senior
7. chief, head, leader
8. Short for 長門国 (Nagato no kuni): Nagato Province

• Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō); じょう (jō)^{←ぢやう (dyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)^{←ちやう (tyau, historical)}
• Kun: ながい (nagai, 長い, Jōyō); おさ (osa, 長)^{←をさ (wosa, historical)}; たける (takeru, 長ける); つかさ (tsukasa, 長)
• Nanori: いえ (ie); すすむ (susumu); たけ (take); たけし (takeshi); つね (tsune); ながし (nagashi); のぶ (nobu); ひさ (hisa); ひさし (hisashi); まさ (masa); まさる (masaru); ます (masu); みち (michi)

/tjau/ → /t͡ɕjau/ → /t͡ɕɔː/ → /t͡ɕoː/

From Middle Chinese 長 (MC ʈɨɐŋ^X).

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ちょ​ー [chóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
  • IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ː]

長 (hiragana ちょう, rōmaji chō, historical hiragana ちやう)

1. chief, head, leader

   班 (はん)長 (ちょう)

   han chō

   the group leader

2. strong point

   長 (ちょう　)を伸 (　の)ばす

   chō o nobasu

   enrich a strong point

   Antonym: 短 (tan)

3. (music) major

   Antonym: 短 (tan)

長 (hiragana ちょう, rōmaji Chō, historical hiragana ちやう)

1. a surname

/wosa/ → /osa/

From Old Japanese.

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) お​さ [óꜜsà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
  • IPA^(key): [o̞sa̠]

長 (hiragana おさ, rōmaji osa, historical hiragana をさ)

1. chief, head, leader

   Synonym: 頭 (kashira)

• 治 (おさ)める (osameru)
• 村長 (むらおさ) (muraosa)

長 (hiragana おさ, rōmaji Osa, historical hiragana をさ)

1. a place name
2. a surname

From Old Japanese.

Stem form of classical adjective 長し (nagashi), modern 長い (nagai, “long, lengthy”).

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) な​が [náꜜgà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [na̠ɡa̠]

• 永

長 (hiragana なが, rōmaji naga-)

1. long

長 (hiragana なが, rōmaji Naga)

1. a surname

From Old Japanese.

Probably derived from 就か (tsuka, irrealis form of verb 就く (tsuku), “to take a position”) +‎ さ (-sa, “-ness”, suffix indicating state or degree). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) つかさ [tsùkásá] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • (Tokyo) つか​さ [tsùkáꜜsà] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [t͡sɨ̥ᵝka̠sa̠]

• 官, 司, 首

長 (hiragana つかさ, rōmaji tsukasa)

1. a manager, a headman, a foreman
2. an official
3. government service

長 (hiragana つかさ, rōmaji Tsukasa)

1. a surname
2. a male or female given name

⟨taki₁⟩ → */takʲi/ → /taki/

Possibly a variant of take below.[3] Appears in the Ruiju Myōgishō of around 1081-1100 CE.

• (Irregular reading)
  • IPA^(key): [ta̠kʲi]

• 丈

長 (hiragana たき, rōmaji taki)

1. height

⟨take₂⟩ → */takəj/ → /take/

Cognate with 高 (taka, “height”), 高い (takai, “high”), and 長ける (takeru, “to be high”).

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) たけ​ [tàkéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
  • IPA^(key): [ta̠ke̞]

• 丈

長 (hiragana たけ, rōmaji take)

1. height

長 (hiragana たけ, rōmaji Take)

1. a surname​.

Nominalization of verb 長ける (takeru, “to excel at”).

長 (hiragana たける, rōmaji Takeru)

1. a surname
2. a male or female given name

From Old Japanese.

Nominalization of classical adjective 久し (hisashi), modern 久しい (hisashii, “long time”).

長 (hiragana ひさし, rōmaji Hisashi)

1. a surname
2. a male or female given name

長 • (jang)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 장
  • Name (hangeul): 길다

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

長: Hán Việt readings: trường (直(trực)良(lương)切(thiết))[1][2][3], trưởng (展(triển)兩(lưỡng)切(thiết))[1][2][3], tràng[3]
長: Nôm readings: tràng[1][2][4], trường[1][2][4], trưởng[1][2][4], dài[1], chường[2], trành[3], trườn[5]

1. Hán tự form of trưởng (“head; leader”).