張

See also: 张
張 U+5F35, 張
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F35
← 弴
[U+5F34] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 弶 →
[U+5F36]

Translingual

Han character

張 (radical 57, 弓+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓尸一女 (NSMV), four-corner 11232, composition ⿰弓長)

Derived characters
  • 𫣖, 𫫧, 㙣, 𢳫, 漲(涨), 㯑, 𧐊, 𨄰(𬦵), 𢊜, 𦸾, 瘬, 𢐓

References
  • KangXi: page 359, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9812
  • Dae Jaweon: page 675, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 997, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5F35

Chinese
trad. 張
simp. 张

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (長) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
張 *taŋ, *taŋs
餦 *taŋ
粻 *taŋ
漲 *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs
長 *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs
脹 *taŋs
痮 *taŋs
帳 *taŋs
賬 *taŋs
倀 *tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs
鼚 *tʰaŋ
鋹 *tʰaŋʔ
悵 *tʰaŋs
韔 *tʰaŋs
萇 *daŋ
瓺 *daŋ, *daŋs
棖 *rdaːŋ
掁 *rdaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *taŋ, *taŋs) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/b-raŋ (“strong; firm; tense”) or Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)aŋ (“tense; tight”); compare Tibetan ཐང་པོ (thang po, “tense; tight; firm”), Burmese တင် (tang, “to tighten; to be tight”).

Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive of pronunciation 1, literally “to be stretched” (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • tiuⁿ/tioⁿ - colloquial;
  • tiong/tiang - literary.
Note: diên1 (Chaozhou), dion1 (Shantou) - surname.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 張
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹/
/t͡sɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂã̠/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂaŋ³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ¹³/
/t͡suə¹³/ ～村
Hohhot /t͡sɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sã⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sã⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕi³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕia³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂan³³/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂɔn³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡soŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃoŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sœŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tiɔŋ⁵⁵/
/tiũ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tuoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tiɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡siaŋ³³/
/tiõ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡siaŋ²³/
/ʔdio²³/
Rime
Character 張
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈɨaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ȶiaŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ȶĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhāng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 張
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ trjang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.traŋ/
English draw a bow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 張
Reading # 1/2
No. 1259
Phonetic
component		 長
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 張
Old
Chinese		 /*taŋ/

Definitions

張

  1. to stretch; to open up; to spread
    張開 / 张开  ―  zhāngkāi  ―  to open up, to spread
    張口 / 张口  ―  zhāngkǒu  ―  to gape, to yawn
  2. to expand; to spread
    擴張 / 扩张  ―  kuòzhāng  ―  to expand, expansion
    聲張 / 声张  ―  shēngzhāng  ―  to make public, to disclose
  3. nervous; tense
    緊張 / 紧张  ―  jǐnzhāng  ―  nervous
    張力 / 张力  ―  zhānglì  ―  tension
  4. Classifier for things with a flat surface: sheet
    一張地圖 / 一张地图  ―  yī zhāng dìtú  ―  a map
    一張桌子 / 一张桌子  ―  yī zhāng zhuōzi  ―  a table
    幾張凳 / 几张凳 [Cantonese]  ―  gei2 zoeng1 dang3 [Jyutping]  ―  several chairs
    兩張紙 / 两张纸 [Cantonese]  ―  loeng5 zoeng1 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  two sheets of paper
  5. Classifier for votes.
  6. (Chinese astronomy) Extended Net (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
  7. A surname​. Zhang, listed #24 of the Baijiaxing
Descendants

Pronunciation 2
Rime
Character 張
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 知亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶiɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈɨaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ȶiaŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ȶĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhàng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 張
Reading # 2/2
No. 1270
Phonetic
component		 長
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 帳
Old
Chinese		 /*taŋs/

Definitions

張

  1. to boast; to exaggerate (now merged into Pronunciation 1)
  2. † Original form of 脹／胀 (zhàng).
  3. † Original form of 帳／帐 (zhàng).

Compounds
Derived terms from 張

Japanese

Kanji
張

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

Derived terms

Korean

Hanja

張 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Middle Vietnamese

Noun

張 (blang)

  1. page of a book

Descendants

Vietnamese

Han character

張 (trương)

  1. A surname. Trương or Truong.
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