See also: and
U+5F13, 弓
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F13

[U+5F12]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5F14]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 57, 弓+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 弓 (N), four-corner 17207, composition)

  1. Kangxi radical #57, .

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 356, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9692
  • Dae Jaweon: page 671, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 987, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5F13

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kʷɯŋ
*kʰʷɯŋ
*kʰʷɯŋ, *kʰʷɯŋs
*kʰʷɯŋ

Pictogram (象形) - pictographic representation of a bow.

Etymology

Possibly related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ (tree, branch, stem) (Coblin, 1986), semantically connected with the shape of a bent tree branch. Cognate with Burmese ကိုင် (kuing, to bend over; to be bent), အကိုင် (a.kuing, stalk; branch), Tedim Chin [script needed] (kung¹, tree), Jingpho kung (to branch; to grow), lakung (branch; limb), Lepcha [script needed] (kóng, branch), [script needed] (kúng, tree) (STEDT).

Schuessler (2007) proposes that both Old Chinese (OC *kʷɯŋ) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ are derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *koŋ, whence Nyah Kur [script needed] (kóoŋ, bent (in the middle)), Mon ကိုၚ် (to be bent), Khmer កោង (kaong, to bend; to be bent), Khasi pyrkhung (to bend; to arch), Pear kuŋ (bend), Vietnamese cong (to be bent, curved).

Also compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ku(ː)m (arched; vaulted)

Derivatives are (OC *kʷɯːŋ, “(upper) arm”) and (OC *kʰʷɯŋ, “arched; vault; sky”).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • keng - vernacular;
  • kiong - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /kuŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuŋ²¹/
Jinan /kuŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /kəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kuŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /kuŋ²¹/
Xining /kuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kũn³¹/
Ürümqi /kuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /koŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /koŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕyoŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /koŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕioŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /koŋ/
Nanjing /koŋ³¹/
Hefei /kəŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /kuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /kũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /koŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /koŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /koŋ³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /kuʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /kan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /koŋ³³/
Xiangtan /kən³³/
Gan Nanchang /kuŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kiuŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kioŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /koŋ⁵³/
Nanning /kuŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kuŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kiɔŋ⁵⁵/
/kiŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kyŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /keŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /koŋ²³/
/kiaŋ²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/kiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kuwŋ/
Li
Rong
/kiuŋ/
Wang
Li
/kĭuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiōng
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gōng
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjuwng ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʷəŋ/
English bow (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4079
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʷɯŋ/

Definitions

  1. bow (weapon)
  2. curved; arched
  3. to arch; to bend

Compounds

See also


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. In modern Japanese, only found as a prefix in compounds.[1][2]

Pronunciation

Prefix

(hiragana , rōmaji yu-)

  1. a bow, a bow shape
Derived terms

Etymology 2

(yumi): Four different types of bow.
(yu, yumi, tarashi, kyū): Japanese bows, arrows, and arrow-stand.
Kanji in this term
ゆみ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE). A surface analysis suggests a combination of Old Japanese yu (see above) + suffixing element mi, itself of uncertain derivation.

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana ゆみ, rōmaji yumi)

  1. a bow:
    1. (weaponry) a bow for shooting arrows
    2. (music) a bow for playing a stringed instrument such as a violin or cello
  2. archery
  3. (Shinto) a type of kagura (sacred Shinto song and dance) intended to drive away evil
  4. short for  () () (ゆみ) (hama yumi): a ceremonial archery bow with the power to dispel evil
  5. a bow shape, a curve
  6. a bow-shaped tool used to beat ginned cotton into a softer and finer textile
Coordinate terms
Derived terms

See also

  • ロングボウ (rongubō, longbow)
Further reading

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
たらし
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Alteration from torashi, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb torasu, from tora as the 未然形 (mizenkei, incomplete form) of verb 取る (toru, to take) + (su, honorific suffix in Old Japanese). Original meaning was “something kept to hand”.[1][2]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

(hiragana たらし, rōmaji tarashi)

  1. (rare, honorific) an archery bow, particularly one belonging to a noble
Synonyms
  • 御%執 (み%たらし),  () (たらし) (mitarashi)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
きゅう
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese (MC kɨuŋ).[1][2] Compare modern Mandarin (gōng).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana きゅう, rōmaji kyū)

  1. (rare) a bow
  2. (obsolete) in ancient Chinese archery, a unit of length for measuring the distance between the archer and the target; one kyū was equal to six (shaku), roughly six feet or 182 centimeters
  3. (obsolete) in ancient China, a unit of length for surveying land; one kyū was equal to eight (shaku), roughly eight feet or 242 centimeters
Usage notes

In modern Japanese, the reading kyū is most often found in compounds.

Derived terms

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean


the shape of the Hun bow

Hanja

• (gung)

  1. (:궁, hwal:gung): bow (for shooting arrows)

Compounds

See also


Vietnamese

Han character

(cung)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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