依

依 U+4F9D, 依
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F9D
← 侜
[U+4F9C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 侞 →
[U+4F9E]

Translingual

Han character

依 (radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人卜竹女 (OYHV), four-corner 20232, composition ⿰亻衣)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 102, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 607
  • Dae Jaweon: page 217, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 152, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+4F9D

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 依
Oracle bone script

j18935

j18936

j18937

Bronze inscriptions

b12302

Small seal script

s05761

Transcribed ancient scripts

L30337

L02012

L02013

L02014

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (衣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
哀 *qɯːl
依 *qɯl
衣 *qɯl, *qɯls
扆 *qɯlʔ
庡 *qɯlʔ
偯 *qɯlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯl) : semantic 人 (“human”) + phonetic 衣 (OC *qɯl, *qɯls).

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 依

Probably cognate with 倚 (OC *qralʔ, *qrals) (Wang, 1982). Perhaps 因 (OC *qin) is an allofam (Pulleyblank, 1991), though the vowels do not agree (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 依
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 微 (20)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於希切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔɨi/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔɨi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔiəi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔɨj/
Li
Rong		 /ʔiəi/
Wang
Li		 /ĭəi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔe̯i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yī
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 依
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔjɨj ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔəj/
English lean upon

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 依
Reading # 1/1
No. 14836
Phonetic
component		 衣
Rime
group		 微
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 依
Old
Chinese		 /*qɯl/

Definitions

依

  1. to lean on
  2. to rely on; to depend on
  3. to obey

Compounds
Derived terms from 依

Etymology 2
simp. and trad.
 依
variant forms 𠵱
伊
咿

Dialectal variant of 呢 (ni1).

Pronunciation

Definitions

依

  1. (Cantonese) this; these
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 此, 斯, 是, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這
Mandarin Beijing 這
Taiwan 這
Cantonese Guangzhou 呢, 依
Hong Kong 呢, 依
Taishan 該
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這
Liudui (S. Sixian) 這
Hsinchu (Hailu) 這
Dongshi (Dabu) 這
Hsinchu (Raoping) 這
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 這
Huizhou Jixi 爾
Min Dong Fuzhou 只
Min Nan Xiamen 這
Quanzhou 只, 這
Zhangzhou 這
Taipei 這
Chaozhou 只
Shantou 只
Wu Shanghai 搿, 迭 old-style, 第 obsolete
Wenzhou 個

Japanese

Kanji
依

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings
  • Go-on: え (e, Jōyō, uncommon)
  • Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)
  • Kun: よる (yoru, 依る)
  • 依 (よ)って (yotte)

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
依
い
Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 依 (MC ʔɨi).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

Affix

依 (hiragana い, rōmaji i)

  1. rely on; depend on
  2. according to
  3. as before
    依 (い)然 (ぜん) ― izen ― same as before, still
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
依
え
Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 依 (MC ʔɨi).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

Affix

依 (hiragana え, rōmaji e)

  1. rely on; depend on

Korean

Hanja

依 • (ui) (hangeul 의, revised ui, McCune–Reischauer ŭi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

依 (y, e, ỷ, ỉa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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