因

See also: 囙
因 U+56E0, 因
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56E0
← 囟
[U+56DF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 囡 →
[U+56E1]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

因 (radical 31, 囗+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 田大 (WK), four-corner 60430, composition ⿴囗大)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 217, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4693
  • Dae Jaweon: page 444, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 711, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+56E0

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 因

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 因
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (因) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
欭 *qrils
烟 *qiːn, *qin
胭 *qiːn
咽 *qiːn, *qiːns, *qiːd
恩 *qɯːn
煾 *qɯːn
因 *qin
姻 *qin
茵 *qin
鞇 *qin
氤 *qin
洇 *qin
駰 *qin, *qrin
絪 *qin
裀 *qin

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 囗 (“sheet”) + 大 (“person”) – man on a mattress. Original form of 裀 (OC *qin, “mat”) or 茵 (OC *qin, “mattress; cushion”).

Pronunciation
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 因
Mandarin Beijing /in⁵⁵/
Harbin /in⁴⁴/
Tianjin /in²¹/
Jinan /iẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /iə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /in²⁴/
Xi'an /iẽ²¹/
Xining /iə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /iŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /iŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /in⁵⁵/
Chengdu /in⁵⁵/
Guiyang /in⁵⁵/
Kunming /ĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /in³¹/
Hefei /in²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /iəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /iŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /iŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /in⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔin³³/
Wenzhou /j̠aŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /in¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /in³³/
Xiangtan /in³³/
Gan Nanchang /in⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /in⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /in²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐn⁵³/
Nanning /jɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /in⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /iŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /eiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /iŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /in²³/
Rime
Character 因
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於眞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔin/
Li
Rong		 /ʔiĕn/
Wang
Li		 /ĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yīn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 因
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yīn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔjin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔi[n]/
English rely on

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 因
Reading # 1/1
No. 15176
Phonetic
component		 因
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 因
Old
Chinese		 /*qin/
Notes 甲文象人臥於茵席，
爲茵初文

Definitions

因

  1. to follow (e.g. a tradition)
  2. † to multiply
  3. reason; cause
  4. because; since
  5. due to

Synonyms

Compounds
Derived terms from 因

Japanese

Kanji
因

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. because; cause

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
因
いん
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 因 (MC ʔiɪn).

Pronunciation

Affix

因 (hiragana いん, rōmaji in)

  1. cause; reason
  2. follow; be based on

Noun

因 (hiragana いん, rōmaji in)

  1. cause; reason; factor
  2. (Buddhism) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  3. (Indian logic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  4. A surname​.

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
因
もと
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 因 – see もと.
(This term, 因, is a kanji spelling of もと.)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
因
ちな(み)
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 因 – see ちなみ.
(This term, 因, is a kanji spelling of ちなみ.)

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
因
よすが
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 因 – see the following entry at よすが.
よすが【縁・因・便】
[noun]something to rely on; a connection, affinity
[noun]someone to rely on; a relative
[noun]an opportunity, way, means
(This term, 因, is a kanji spelling of よすが.)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

因 • (in) (hangeul 인, McCune–Reischauer in)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

因 (nhân, nhằn, dăn, nhăn, nhơn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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