哀

哀 U+54C0, 哀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54C0
← 咿
[U+54BF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 品 →
[U+54C1]

Translingual

Han character

哀 (radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜口竹女 (YRHV), four-corner 00732, composition ⿳亠口𧘇)

References
  • KangXi: page 188, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3580
  • Dae Jaweon: page 407, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 620, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+54C0

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 哀

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (衣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
哀 *qɯːl
依 *qɯl
衣 *qɯl, *qɯls
扆 *qɯlʔ
庡 *qɯlʔ
偯 *qɯlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯːl) : phonetic 衣 (OC *qɯl, *qɯls) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).

Pronunciation
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 哀
Mandarin Beijing /ai⁵⁵/
Harbin /ai⁴⁴/
Tianjin /nai²¹/
Jinan /ŋɛ²¹³/
Qingdao /ɣɛ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ai²⁴/
Xi'an /ŋai²¹/
Xining /nɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɛ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɛ³¹/
Ürümqi /ai⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ŋai⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ŋai⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ŋai⁵⁵/
/ai⁵⁵/ 新
Kunming /æ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ae³¹/
Hefei /ʐe̞²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɣai¹¹/
Pingyao /ŋæ¹³/
Hohhot /ŋɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /e⁵³/
Suzhou /e̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔe̞³³/
Wenzhou /e³³/
Hui Shexian /ŋɛ³¹/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ŋai³³/
Xiangtan /ŋai³³/
Gan Nanchang /ŋai⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /oi⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /oi²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ɔi⁵³/
Nanning /ɔi⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /ɔi⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ai⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ai⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /uɛ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ai³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ai²³/
Rime
Character 哀
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏開切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔʌi/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔəi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔəj/
Li
Rong		 /ʔᴀi/
Wang
Li		 /ɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 āi
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 哀
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 āi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔoj ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔˁəj/
English to pity; sad

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 哀
Reading # 1/1
No. 14835
Phonetic
component		 衣
Rime
group		 微
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 哀
Old
Chinese		 /*qɯːl/

Definitions

哀

  1. to lament; to mourn
    哀悼  ―  āidào  ―  to lament, to mourn
    哀求  ―  āiqiú  ―  to beg, to implore
  2. sad, mournful, pitiful, sorrowful
  3. pity; grief
    哀痛  ―  āitòng  ―  to grieve, grief

Compounds
Derived terms from 哀

Japanese

Kanji
哀

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. pathetic
  2. grief
  3. sorrow

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
哀
あい
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 哀 (MC ʔʌi).

Noun

哀 (hiragana あい, rōmaji ai)

  1. grief; sorrow; sadness; lamentation
    哀 (あい)を思 (おも)う ― ai o omou ― to feel grief; to grieve; to mourn; lament
  2. pity; sympathy

Synonyms

Korean

Hanja

哀 • (ae) (hangeul 애, McCune–Reischauer ae)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

哀 (ai)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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