正
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
As a component of some complex characters, 正 is often written as 𤴓 with its last two strokes different. Compare 昰 and 是.
Han character
正 (radical 77, 止+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一卜中一 (MYLM), four-corner 10101, composition ⿱一止)
Usage notes
- (tally marks, 5): The successive strokes of 正 (
) are used in China, Japan, and Korea to designate tallies in votes, scores, points, sushi orders, and the like, much as is used in Europe, Africa, Australia, and North America. Tallies beyond five are written with a 正 for each group of five, followed by the remainder. For example, a tally of twelve is written as 正正丅.
References
- KangXi: page 574, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16255
- Dae Jaweon: page 962, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1436, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6B63
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
正 | |
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variant forms | 疋 𤴓 㱏 𣥔 𧾸 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 正 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (正) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
綻 | *rdeːns |
淀 | *deːns |
靛 | *deːns |
症 | *tjɯŋs |
竀 | *rtʰeːŋ, *tʰeŋ |
征 | *tjeŋ |
怔 | *tjeŋ |
正 | *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs |
鉦 | *tjeŋ |
鴊 | *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs |
眐 | *tjeŋ |
佂 | *tjeŋ |
整 | *tjeŋʔ |
政 | *tjeŋs |
証 | *tjeŋs |
定 | *teːŋs, *deːŋs |
顁 | *teːŋs |
錠 | *teːŋs, *deːŋʔ, *deːŋs |
掟 | *deːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs) : phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ) + semantic 止 (“foot”) – to go on a long journey. Original form of 征 (OC *tjeŋ, “to go on long campaign”).
Etymology
Sino-Tibetan or area word: “centre; target; first (month); straight; correct”.
Compare Mizo dîng (“to go straight or direct (as person, arrow etc.); to go straight through without breaking the journey; straight; direct”). Matisoff sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”) for this, which includes 正, 直 (OC *dɯɡ, “straight; right”) and 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”).
Additionally, Matisoff has Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(r)waŋ (“straight; straighten”), whence Chepang dʰeŋ- (“straight”), Jingpho ding (“straight”), Tibetan དྲང་པོ (drang po, “straight; correct; upright; just; fair”), Burmese တန်း (tan:, “straight; to head straight for”). Also compare Khmer ទៀង (tiəng, “accurate; correct; exact; precise; honest”).
Derivatives:
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
正
- straight; upright; central; in proper position
- Antonyms: 歪 (wāi)
- right; proper; correct
- exact; standardized; just so
- regular-shaped; regular; square
- primary; chief; main
- pure; unmixed; authentic; true
- pretty; attractive; beautiful
- honest; upright; honourable
- (Cantonese) awesome; fantastic
- just now; right now; in the process of
- to straighten; to make straight; to adjust
- to make right; to rectify; to correct
- (tally marks) 5
- (numismatics) obverse
- (numeral) ten duodecillion(1040)
- (mathematics) positive; plus
- (physics) positive
- (time) sharp
- (Teochew) only; merely
- (Teochew) just; just now
- (Teochew) only then; only after
- (Teochew) Used to emphasize that something is/is not.
- (Teochew) right (direction)
- A surname.
Compounds
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See also
Chinese numerals | ||||||||||||
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104 | 108 | 1012 | 1016 | 1020 | 1024 | 1028 | 1032 | 1036 | 1040 | 1044 | ||
萬/万 | 億/亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) | 京 (Taiwan) | 垓 | 秭 | 穰 | 溝/沟 | 澗/涧 | 正 | 載/载 | ||
萬億/万亿 (Mainland China) |
億億/亿亿 (Mainland China) |
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
正
Compounds
Descendants
Others:
Japanese
Readings
Compounds
Numeral
- A number of ten-duodecillion(1040) in modern Japanese since 17th century.
- 5. Similar to four vertical lines followed by a slanted horizontal line crossing through them, this character is used to count to 5 stroke by stroke. Thus this kanji written up to the third stroke represents 3. After the fifth and final stroke, when this character is completed, one starts writing this character again to count to higher numbers.
Derived terms
Korean
Compounds
- 정확 (正確, jeonghwak)
- 정직 (正直, jeongjik)
- 엄정 (嚴正, eomjeong)
- 부정 (不正, bujeong)
- 정상 (正常, jeongsang)
- 공정 (公正, gongjeong)
- 시정 (是正, sijeong)
- 수정 (修正, sujeong)
- 개정 (改正, gaejeong)
- 정당 (正當, jeongdang)
- 정월 (正月, jeong-wol)
- 정의 (正義, jeong-ui)
- 적정 (適正, jeokjeong)
- 정도 (正道, jeongdo)
- 정면 (正面, jeongmyeon)
- 정답 (正答, jeongdap)
- 정체 (正體, jeongche)
- 정식 (正式, jeongsik)
- 정통 (正統, jeongtong)
- 진정 (眞正, jinjeong)
- 정품 (正品, jeongpum)
- 단정 (端正, danjeong)
- 정규 (正規, jeonggyu)
- 정장 (正裝, jeongjang)
- 정오 (正誤, jeong-o)
- 보정 (補正, bojeong)
- 교정 (校正, gyojeong)
- 정색 (正色, jeongsaek)
- 정원 (正員, jeong-won)
- 정안 (正眼, jeong-an)
Vietnamese
Han character
正: Hán Việt readings: chính (
正: Nôm readings: chính[1][2][3][4][6], chánh[1][2][3][4][5], chếnh[3][7][4][5][6], chiếng[1], chênh[3], chỉnh[3], giêtng[3]
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Bonet (1899).
- Génibrel (1898).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
- Hồ (1976).