萬
See also: 万
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Translingual
Han character
萬 (radical 140, 艸+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿田中月 (TWLB), four-corner 44427, composition ⿱艹禺)
References
- KangXi: page 1042, character 33
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31339
- Dae Jaweon: page 1501, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3247, character 8
- Unihan data for U+842C
Chinese
| trad. | 萬 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 万* | |
| variant forms | ||
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 萬 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (萬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 糲 | *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd |
| 犡 | *m·raːds, *m·rads |
| 噧 | *hmreːds, *r̥ʰaːd |
| 邁 | *mraːds |
| 勱 | *mraːds |
| 蠆 | *m̥ʰraːds |
| 厲 | *m·rads |
| 勵 | *m·rads |
| 礪 | *m·rads |
| 蠣 | *m·rads |
| 蠇 | *m·rads |
| 癘 | *m·rads |
| 濿 | *m·rads |
| 櫔 | *m·rads |
| 巁 | *m·rads |
| 贎 | *m·rads, *mlans |
| 萬 | *mlans |
This character has lost its original meaning of “scorpion”. The derivative 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds) refers to the original word.
Etymology
Three roots can perhaps be distinguished:
- “Scorpion”: See 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds);
- “Religious dance; sorcery”: Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-man (“medicine”). Compare Tibetan སྨན (sman, “medicine; she-demons worshipped by common folk”), Burmese မန်း (man:, “utter mystic words to heal or ward off evil”);
- “Myriad” (10000): Schuessler (2007) considers the etymology of this sense Sino-Tibetan, and compares it with Tibetan འབུམ ('bum, “hundred thousand; complete; entire; multifarious”). Similar words are found in branches of Altaic and Tocharian; here they are treated as very old loanwords from Chinese, per Pulleyblank (apud Clauson, 1972), Beckwith (2009), Adams (2013) and Tremblay (2005).
Pronunciation
Definitions
萬
- † Original form of 蠆／虿 (chài, “scorpion”).
- (historical) A ritual dance in ancient China.
- myriad, ten thousand, 10000
- (figuratively) a great number
- innumerable; numerous
- very; extremely; absolutely
- A surname.
See also
| Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
| Normal (小寫／小写) |
〇 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬／万 | 億／亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China) |
| Financial (大寫／大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳／贰 | 參／叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸／陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 | |||
Compounds
Derived terms from 萬
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Descendants
- → Altaic:
- → Tocharian:
- Tocharian A: tmāṃ (“ten thousand”)
- Tocharian B: t(u)māne (“ten thousand, a myriad”)
- → Japanese: 萬 (man), 萬 (ban, “ten thousand”)
- → English: banzai (“Japanese battle cry; cry of enthusiasm”)
- → Korean: 만 (萬, man, “ten thousand”)
- → Vietnamese: muôn (“ten thousand; all, many”)
- → Vietnamese: vạn (萬, “ten thousand; myriad”)
- → Khmer: ម៉ឺន (məɨn), ហ្មឺន (məɨn, “ten thousand; official rank”)
- → Shan: မိုၼ်ႇ (mùen, “ten thousand”)
- → Lao: ໝື່ນ (mư̄n), ຫມື່ນ (mư̄n, “ten thousand; official rank”)
- → Thai: หมื่น (mʉ̀ʉn, “ten thousand; official rank”)
Further reading
- “Entry #9891”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
| 万 | |
| 萬 |
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
- 萬子 (manzu), 萬子 (wanzu)
- 一萬 (īwan)
- 二萬 (ryanwan)
- 三萬 (sanwan)
- 四萬 (sūwan)
- 五萬 (ūwan)
- 六萬 (ryūwan), 六萬 (rōwan)
- 七萬 (chīwan)
- 八萬 (pāwan)
- 九萬 (chūwan)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 萬 |
| よろず Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
⟨yo2ro2du⟩ → */jərədu/ → /jorod͡zu/ → /jorozu/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE). See 万 for more senses.
Proper noun
萬 (kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 万, hiragana よろず, rōmaji Yorozu, historical hiragana よろづ)
- a surname
萬 (kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 万, hiragana よろづ, rōmaji Yorozu)
- a surname
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 萬 |
| ばん Jinmeiyō |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mʉɐnH). See 万 for more senses.
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 萬 |
| まん Jinmeiyō |
| on’yomi |
Likely a shift from ban above. See 万 for more senses.
Proper noun
萬 (kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 万, hiragana まん, rōmaji Man)
- a female given name
- a surname
References
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- Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.
Korean
Vietnamese
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