十

See also: 〸 [U+3038 HANGZHOU NUMERAL TEN], ㆺ [U+31BA BOPOMOFO LETTER ZY], and 𬂛 [U+2C09B CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2C09B]
十 U+5341, 十
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5341
← 區
[U+5340] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卂 →
[U+5342]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

十 (radical 24, 十+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十 (J), four-corner 40000, composition ⿻一丨)

  1. Kangxi radical #24, ⼗.

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 155, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 58, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5341

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 十
variant forms 拾 financial
什

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 十
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (十) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
針 *kjum, *kjums
汁 *kjub
卙 *kʰljub
十 *ɡjub
什 *ɡjub

Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.

Pronunciation
Note:
  • cha̍p - vernacular;
  • si̍p - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 十
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
Suzhou /zəʔ³/
Hangzhou /zəʔ²/
Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɨʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /səp̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʃïp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐp̚²/
Nanning /sɐp̚²²/
Hong Kong /sɐp̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sip̚⁵/
/t͡sap̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sɛiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /si⁵⁴/
/si⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sap̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tap̚³/
/tɔp̚³/
Rime
Character 十
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 緝 (141)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 是執切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑip̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑip̚/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiəp̚/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shí
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 十
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyip ›
Old
Chinese		 /*t.[ɡ]əp/
English ten

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 十
Reading # 1/1
No. 11452
Phonetic
component		 十
Rime
group		 緝
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 十
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡjub/

Definitions

十

  1. ten
  2. (figuratively) topmost; utmost
  3. (figuratively) complete

See also
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写)		 〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写)		 零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds
Derived terms from 十

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (十):

Others:

Japanese
Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  > 
    Cardinal : 十

Kanji
十

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Noun

十 (hiragana じゅう, rōmaji jū, historical hiragana じふ)

  1. ten

Coordinate terms
Japanese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular 零 (れい) (rei)
零 (ゼロ) (zero)		 一 (いち) (ichi) 二 (に) (ni) 三 (さん) (san) 四 (よん) (yon)
四 (し) (shi)		 五 (ご) (go) 六 (ろく) (roku) 七 (なな) (nana)
七 (しち) (shichi)		 八 (はち) (hachi) 九 (きゅう) (kyū)
九 (く) (ku)		 十 (じゅう) (jū)
Formal 壱 (いち) (ichi) 弐 (に) (ni) 参 (さん) (san) 拾 (じゅう) (jū)
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular 九 (きゅう)十 (じゅう) (kyūjū) 百 (ひゃく) (hyaku)
一 (いっ)百 (ぴゃく) (ippyaku)		 三 (さん)百 (びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六 (ろっ)百 (ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八 (はっ)百 (ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千 (せん) (sen)
一 (いっ)千 (せん) (issen)		 三 (さん)千 (ぜん) (sanzen) 八 (はっ)千 (せん) (hassen) 一 (いち)万 (まん) (ichiman) 一 (いち)億 (おく) (ichioku)
Formal 一 (いち)萬 (まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
一 (いっ)兆 (ちょう) (itchō) 八 (はっ)兆 (ちょう) (hatchō) 十 (じゅっ)兆 (ちょう) (jutchō) 一 (いっ)京 (けい) (ikkei) 六 (ろっ)京 (けい) (rokkei) 八 (はっ)京 (けい) (hakkei) 十 (じゅっ)京 (けい) (jukkei) 百 (ひゃっ)京 (けい) (hyakkei)

Etymology 2

/so1/: [so].

Noun

十 (hiragana そ, rōmaji so)

  1. ten; used in compounds
Compounds

Etymology 3

/to2/: [tə] > [to].

Noun

十 (hiragana と, rōmaji to)

  1. ten

Etymology 4

/to2wo/: [təwo] > [towo] > [too] > [toː].

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *təwə.

Noun

十 (hiragana とお, rōmaji tō, historical hiragana とを)

  1. ten

Korean

Hanja

十 • (sip)

  1. (열 십, yeol sip): ten, ten times.

Compounds

References

Vietnamese

Han character

十: Hán Việt readings: thập (寔(thực)入(nhập)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
十: Nôm readings: thập[1][2][4]

  1. Hán tự form of thập (“ten”).

Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.