五
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Translingual
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Han character
五 (radical 7, 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一木一 (MDM), four-corner 10107, composition ⿱一𫝀 or ⿻丅ユ or ⿻工𠃍)
References
- KangXi: page 86, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 257
- Dae Jaweon: page 178, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 11, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4E94
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
五 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | 伍 financial 㐅 𠄡 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 五 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (五) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 吾 | *ŋraː, *ŋaː |
| 衙 | *ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ |
| 鼯 | *ŋaː |
| 浯 | *ŋaː |
| 珸 | *ŋaː |
| 郚 | *ŋaː |
| 齬 | *ŋaː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ |
| 鯃 | *ŋaː |
| 娪 | *ŋaː |
| 梧 | *ŋaː |
| 峿 | *ŋaː |
| 五 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 伍 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 寤 | *ŋaːs |
| 啎 | *ŋaːs |
| 晤 | *ŋaːs |
| 悟 | *ŋaːs |
| 逜 | *ŋaːs |
| 窹 | *ŋaːs |
| 捂 | *ŋaːs |
| 鋙 | *ŋa, *ŋaʔ |
| 語 | *ŋaʔ, *ŋas |
| 圄 | *ŋaʔ |
| 敔 | *ŋaʔ |
One possibility is that 五 was originally written as five horizontal lines, similar to 一, 二, 三, and the obsolete 亖 (“four”), but in common writing the lines would blend together. Thus, two lines were turned vertical and the right one was shortened, to form one stroke with the middle horizontal line. An alternate hypothesis is that 五 originally resembled 㐅 with a bar on top and a bar on bottom, as in 𠄡. This would have meant five because when counting on a single hand, one first counts to five and then crosses back the other way to ten.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l/b-ŋa (“five”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
五
See also
| Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
| Normal (小寫／小写) |
〇 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬／万 | 億／亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China) |
| Financial (大寫／大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳／贰 | 參／叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸／陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 | |||
Compounds
Derived terms from 五
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Japanese
| < 4 | 5 | 6 > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : 五 | ||
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
- 五節句 (gosekku, “the five seasonal festivals of the Japanese calendar”)
- 五悪 (Goaku, “(Buddhism) the Five Evils”)
- 五位鷺 (goisagi), 五位鷺 (goisagi, “night heron”)
- 五十歩百歩 (gojippo hyappo), 五十歩百歩 (gojuppo hyappo)
- 五音音階 (goon onkai, “pentatonic scale”)
- 五戒 (Gokai, “(Buddhism) the Five Precepts”)
- 五角形 (gokakukei), 五角形 (gokakkei, “pentagon”)
- 五官 (gokan, “the five sense organs”)
- 五感 (gokan, “the five senses”)
- 五経 (Gokyō, “(Confucianism) Four Books and Five Classics”)
- 五桁 (goketa)
- 五月 (gogatsu), 五月 (satsuki), 五月 (satsuki, “May”)
- 五言絶句 (gogonzekku)
- 五言律詩 (gogonrisshi)
- 五更 (gokō)
- 五行 (Gogyō, “Wu Xing”)
- 五穀 (gokoku)
- 五彩 (gosai)
- 五指 (goshi, “five fingers”)
- 五種競技 (goshu kyōgi, “pentathlon”)
- 五重 (itsue)
- 五旬節 (gojunsetsu)
- 五書 (gosho)
- 五女 (gojo)
- 五常 (Gojō, “the five Confucian virtues”)
- 五情 (Gojō, “the Five Passions”)
- 五色 (goshiki)
- 五人組 (Goningumi, “Five Households (Edo era civil defence units)”)
- 五人囃子 (goninbayashi)
- 五寸釘 (gosun kugi, “a long nail, roughly 15 cm in length”)
- 五節 (gosetsu)
- 五線 (gosen)
- 五臓 (gozō)
- 五体 (gotai)
- 五段 (godan)
- 五男 (gonan)
- 五斗米 (gotobei)
- 五徳 (gotoku)
- 五倍子 (fushi)
- 五風十雨 (gofū jūu, “clement weather (literally, “five days and one is windy, ten days and one is rainy”)”)
- 五分 (gobu), 五分 (gofun), 五分 (gobun)
- 五辺形 (gohenkei)
- 五面体 (gomentai, “pentahedron”)
- 五目 (gomoku, “mixture”)
- 五里霧中 (gori muchū, “totally lost, groping in the dark (literally, “five leagues in the fog”)”)
- 五稜郭 (Goryōkaku, “Goryōkaku, a star-shaped fort in Hakodate”)
- 五稜堡 (goryōho)
- 五倫 (Gorin, “Gorin, the five Confucian virtues”)
- 五輪 (Gorin, “Olympics”)
- 五芒 (gobō, “pentagram”)
- 弦楽五重奏 (gengaku gojūsō, “string quintet”)
Derived terms
- 五つ (itsutsu)
Coordinate terms
| Japanese numbers | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
| Regular | 零 (rei) 零 (zero) |
一 (ichi) | 二 (ni) | 三 (san) | 四 (yon) 四 (shi) |
五 (go) | 六 (roku) | 七 (nana) 七 (shichi) |
八 (hachi) | 九 (kyū) 九 (ku) |
十 (jū) |
| Formal | 壱 (ichi) | 弐 (ni) | 参 (san) | 拾 (jū) | |||||||
| 90 | 100 | 300 | 600 | 800 | 1,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 10,000 | 100,000,000 | ||
| Regular | 九十 (kyūjū) | 百 (hyaku) 一百 (ippyaku) |
三百 (sanbyaku) | 六百 (roppyaku) | 八百 (happyaku) | 千 (sen) 一千 (issen) |
三千 (sanzen) | 八千 (hassen) | 一万 (ichiman) | 一億 (ichioku) | |
| Formal | 一萬 (ichiman) | ||||||||||
| 1012 | 8×1012 | 1013 | 1016 | 6×1016 | 8×1016 | 1017 | 1018 | ||||
| 一兆 (itchō) | 八兆 (hatchō) | 十兆 (jutchō) | 一京 (ikkei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) | ||||
Korean
Mulam
Vietnamese
References
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Bonet (1899).
- Génibrel (1898).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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