吾

吾	U+543E, 吾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-543E

← 吽
[U+543D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

吿 →
[U+543F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

吾 (radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一一口 (MMR), four-corner 1060₁, composition ⿱五口)

Derived characters

俉, 語 (语), 捂, 唔, 峿, 浯, 悟, 娪, 珸, 梧, 啎, 牾, 晤, 焐, 鋙 (铻), 齬 (龉), 鯃, 鼯, 郚, 敔, 圄, 痦, 逜, 衙, 寤, 窹

References

KangXi: page 180, character 3

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3379

Dae Jaweon: page 398, character 2

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 585, character 13

Unihan data for U+543E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		吾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 吾
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (五) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
吾	ŋraː, ŋaː
衙	ŋraː, ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鼯	*ŋaː
浯	*ŋaː
珸	*ŋaː
郚	*ŋaː
齬	ŋaː, ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鯃	*ŋaː
娪	*ŋaː
梧	*ŋaː
峿	*ŋaː
五	*ŋaːʔ
伍	*ŋaːʔ
寤	*ŋaːs
啎	*ŋaːs
晤	*ŋaːs
悟	*ŋaːs
逜	*ŋaːs
窹	*ŋaːs
捂	*ŋaːs
鋙	ŋa, ŋaʔ
語	ŋaʔ, ŋas
圄	*ŋaʔ
敔	*ŋaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː) : phonetic 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-j ~ ka (“I”). Cognate with 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”), Hakka 𠊎 (ngài, “I”).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wú (wu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ng⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ǹg / ngâ
Min Dong (BUC): ngù
Min Nan (POJ): ngô͘ / gô͘
Wu (Wiktionary): ngu (T3); hhngg (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: wú
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˊ
  - Wade–Giles: wu²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wu
  - IPA ^(key): /u³⁵/

Note:

wú - standard;
wǔ - common variant.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ng⁴
  - Yale: ǹgh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ng⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋ̍²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ǹg / ngâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngˇ / nga´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ng² / nga¹
  - IPA: /ŋ̍¹¹/, /ŋa²⁴/

Note:

ǹg - literary;
ngâ - vernacular (“my”).

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngù
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋu⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
  - Tâi-lô: ngôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô͘
  - Tâi-lô: gôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gɔ¹³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gɔ²⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ngu (T3); hhngg (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋv̩ʷ²³/, /ɦŋ̍²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋuo/▼

Rime
Character	吾
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五乎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋuo/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋuo/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɔ/
Li Rong	/ŋo/
Wang Li	/ŋu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wú

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋˤa/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	吾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wú
Middle Chinese	‹ ngu ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋˁa/
English	I, my
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吾
Reading #	2/2
No.	13146
Phonetic component	五
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	吾
Old Chinese	/*ŋaː/

Definitions

吾

(literary or dialectal) I
- 吾觀全地球之社會，未有凌亂舊金山之華人者。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  吾观全地球之社会，未有凌乱旧金山之华人者。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 1904 February, Liang Qichao, "Travel Notes of the New Continent"
  Wú guān quán dìqiú zhī shèhuì, wèi yǒu língluàn Jiùjīnshān zhī huárén zhě. [Pinyin]
  From all the societies I have seen in the world, there is no society as disorderly as the Chinese community in San Francisco.
(literary or dialectal) my
- 吾皇 [Classical Chinese] ― wú huáng [Pinyin] ― my king
- 吾姆 [Hakka] ― ngâ mê [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― my mom
A surname. Wu

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 我 (“I”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		吾, 我, 私, 余, 予, 台, 朕
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		我
Mandarin	Beijing	我
	Taiwan	我
	Jinan	我, 俺
	Xi'an	我
	Wuhan	我
	Chengdu	我
	Yangzhou	我
	Hefei	我
Cantonese	Guangzhou	我
	Hong Kong	我
	Taishan	我
	Yangjiang	我
Gan	Nanchang	我
Hakka	Meixian	𠊎
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𠊎
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	𠊎
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	𠊎
	Dongshi (Dabu)	𠊎
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	𠊎
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	𠊎
Jin	Taiyuan	我
Min Bei	Jian'ou	我
Min Dong	Fuzhou	我, 奴
Min Nan	Xiamen	我, 阮
	Quanzhou	我, 阮
	Zhangzhou	我, 阮
	Taipei	我, 阮
	Kaohsiung	我, 阮
	Penang	我
	Philippines (Manila)	我
	Chaozhou	我
	Wenchang	我, 儂 humble, used by someone in the younger generation
Wu	Shanghai	我, 吾, 阿拉
	Suzhou	我, 奴
	Wenzhou	我
	Ningbo	我, 我儂, 像我
Xiang	Changsha	我
Xiang	Shuangfeng	我, 卬

Compounds

伊吾
余吾
先吾著鞭
吾人 (wúrén)
吾伊
吾儕／吾侪
吾兄 (wúxiōng)
吾吾
吾子 (wúzǐ)
吾徒

吾愛／吾爱
吾當／吾当 (wúdāng)
吾輩／吾辈 (wúbèi)
吾道東矣／吾道东矣
唯吾獨尊／唯吾独尊
執金吾／执金吾 (zhí jīnwú)
左支右吾
支吾 (zhīwú)
支吾其詞／支吾其词 (zhīwuqící)

支支吾吾 (zhīzhīwūwū)
故吾
昆吾
東支西吾／东支西吾
江左夷吾
維吾爾／维吾尔 (Wéiwú'ěr)
蒼吾讓兄／苍吾让兄
金吾 (jīnwú)
金吾不禁

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yá (ya²)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yá
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ
  - Wade–Giles: ya²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ä³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ŋˠa/▼

Rime
Character	吾
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五加切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaɨ/
Li Rong	/ŋa/
Wang Li	/ŋa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yá

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋraː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吾
Reading #	1/2
No.	13135
Phonetic component	五
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	牙
Old Chinese	/*ŋraː/
Notes	允吾漢縣

Definitions

吾

Only used in 允吾.

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yú (yu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yú
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
  - Wade–Giles: yü²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
  - IPA ^(key): /y³⁵/

Definitions

吾

Only used in 吾吾.

Japanese

Kanji

吾

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

I, me

Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu)
Kan-on: ご (go)
Kun: われ (ware, 吾); わが (waga, 吾が); あ (a, 吾); あが (aga, 吾)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
吾
あ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 吾 – see the following entry at あ.
あ【吾・我】 [pronoun](obsolete) first-person personal pronoun: I, me
(This term, 吾, is a kanji spelling of あ.)

Korean

Hanja

吾 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese

Pronoun

吾 (wa) (kana わ)

I, oneself

Descendants

Satsugū dialect: おい (oi)

Vietnamese

Han character

吾 (ngô, ngo)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999

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