社会

See also: 社會

Chinese
For pronunciation and definitions of 社会 – see 社會 (“society; community; class; etc.”).
(This term, 社会, is the simplified form of 社會.)
Notes:

Japanese
Kanji in this term
社 会
しゃ
Grade: 2		 かい
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 社會 (MC d͡ʑiaX ɦuɑiH, “public gathering for offering to the god of earth”), as a compound composed of 社 (“god of earth; ceremony for offering to the god of earth”) + 會 (“gathering”). The word was repurposed by Fukuchi Gen'ichirō in 1875 to translate the western concept of society.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

社会 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 社會, hiragana しゃかい, rōmaji shakai, historical hiragana しやくわい)

  1. society (group of people sharing culture)
    • 1910, 森鷗外, 鴎外漁史とは誰ぞ:
      人 (ひと)は社会 (しゃかい)を成 (な)す動物 (どうぶつ)だ。
      Hito wa shakai o nasu dōbutsu da.
      Man is an animal that builds societies / Man is a social animal.
  2. a class, a world of a certain group
    • 1904, 河口慧海, チベット旅行記:
      これらは中 (ちゅう)等 (とう)以 (い)下 (か)の社会 (しゃかい)の人 (ひと)に多 (おお)い。
      Kore-ra wa chūtō ika no shakai no hito ni ōi.
      These are very common among people from the middle and lower classes.
    • 1929, 平林初之輔, 昭和四年の文壇の概観:
      ちょうどそれは金 (きん)融 (ゆう)寡 (か)頭 (とう)政 (せい)治 (じ)の社会 (しゃかい)とよく似 (に)ている。
      Chōdo sore wa kin'yū katōseiji no shakai to yoku nite iru.
      It looks exactly like a world of financial oligarchs.

Derived terms
Derived terms

Anagrams

Descendants

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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