社

社 U+793E, 社
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-793E
← 礽
[U+793D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 礿 →
[U+793F]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

社 (radical 113, 示+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈火土 (IFG), four-corner 34210, composition ⿰礻土)

References
  • KangXi: page 839, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24631
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1257, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2386, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+793E

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 社

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 社
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
社 *ɦljaːʔ
肚 *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
土 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
吐 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
芏 *l̥ʰaːʔ
杜 *l'aːʔ
靯 *l'aːʔ
荰 *l'aːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɦljaːʔ) : semantic 示 (“show”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ, “earth”)

Pronunciation
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 社
Mandarin Beijing /ʂɤ⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /ʂɤ⁵³/
/sɤ⁵³/
Jinan /ʂə²¹/
Qingdao /ʃə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩ɛ³¹²/
Xi'an /ʂɤ⁴⁴/
Xining /ʂɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʂə¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂə¹³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /sɤ³⁵/
Chengdu /se¹³/
Guiyang /t͡se²¹³/
Kunming /ʂə²¹²/
Nanjing /ʂae⁴⁴/
/ʂe⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʂe⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /sɤ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ʂʐ̩e̞³⁵/
Hohhot /sɤ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zo²³/
Suzhou /zo³¹/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷei¹³/
Wenzhou /zei³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɕie³⁵/
/ɕia³⁵/
Tunxi /ɕia²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʂə⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ʂe⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɑ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /sa⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ʃɑ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛ²³/
Nanning /sɛ²⁴/
Hong Kong /sɛ¹³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sia²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sia²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ia⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sia³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /te³³/
/se³⁵/ 俗
Rime
Character 社
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 常者切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑiaX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiaX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑiaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑiaX/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiaX/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭaX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯aX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shè
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 社
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyæX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-tʰAʔ/
English sacrifice to the spirit of the soil

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 社
Reading # 1/1
No. 12497
Phonetic
component		 土
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 社
Old
Chinese		 /*ɦljaːʔ/

Definitions

社

  1. god of the soil
  2. altars to the god of the soil
  3. group of families
  4. company; society

Compounds
Derived terms from 社

Japanese

Shinjitai

 社

Kyūjitai

 社

Kanji
社

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings
  • Go-on: じゃ (ja)
  • Kan-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)
  • Kun: やしろ (yashiro, 社, Jōyō); くみあい (kumiai); こそ (koso)

Compounds

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 社 (dzyæX, “god of earth; place for worshiping the god of earth”)

Noun

社 (hiragana やしろ, rōmaji yashiro)

  1. a shrine

Suffix

社 (hiragana しゃ, rōmaji -sha)

  1. Abbreviation of 会社 (かいしゃ kaisha) "company."; co.
  2. When in parentheses, an abbreviation of 社団法人 (しゃだんほうじん shadan hōjin), a type of incorporated association.

Coordinate terms

Korean

Hanja

社 • (sa) (hangeul 사)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

社 (xã)

  1. rural commune (administrative subdivision of Vietnam)

Compounds
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