See also:
U+4E4E, 乎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4E

[U+4E4D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E4F]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 4, 丿+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹火木 (HFD), four-corner 20409, composition𠂌)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 82, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 131
  • Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 36, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+4E4E

Chinese

simp. and trad.
variant forms 𠂞
𠂠
Hokkien question particle

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*qʰraːs
*qʰaː
*qʰaː
*qʰaː
*qʰaː
*qʰaː
*qʰaː, *qʰaːs
*qʰaː
*ɢaː
*qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa
*ɢaːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢaː) : semantic [Term?] (wind; air) + phonetic  (OC *kʰluːʔ) – original form of (OC *qʰaː, “to call; to cry”). Compare (OC *ɢeː).

Etymology 1

in; at; on
Attrited or unstressed form of (OC *qa) (Schuessler, 2007).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation


Note: wu4 - rare.
Note:
  • ho͘ - literary;
  • hohⁿ/hôⁿ/hoⁿ/hōⁿ - vernacular (question particle).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /xu⁵⁵/
Harbin /xu⁴⁴/
Tianjin /xu²¹/
Jinan /xu⁴²/
Qingdao /xu²¹³/
Zhengzhou /xu²⁴/
Xi'an /xu²¹/
Xining /xv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /xu⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /xu³¹/
Ürümqi /xu⁴⁴/
Wuhan /xu⁵⁵/
Chengdu /xu³¹/
/fu³¹/
Guiyang /fu⁵⁵/
Kunming /xu⁴⁴/
Nanjing /xu³¹/
Hefei /xu²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /xu¹¹/
Pingyao /xu¹³/
Hohhot /xu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /hu⁵³/
/ɦu²³/
Suzhou /ɦəu¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦu²¹³/
Wenzhou /vu³¹/
Hui Shexian /xu³¹/
Tunxi /xu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /fu¹³/
Xiangtan /ɸu³³/
Gan Nanchang /fu⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /fu¹¹/
Taoyuan /fu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fu²¹/
Nanning /fu⁵⁵/
/wu²¹/
Hong Kong /fu²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hɔ³⁵/
/hɔ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hu⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xu⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hu³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hu²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦuo/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦuo/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦɔ/
Li
Rong
/ɣo/
Wang
Li
/ɣu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ hu › ‹ hu ›
Old
Chinese
/*ɢˁa/ /*ɢˁa/
English (Q particle) in, at

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5189
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɢaː/

Definitions

  1. in; at; on
  2. A suffix placed after adjectives and adverbs to express praise or amazement.
  3. Sentence-final interrogative particle.
  4. Sentence-final exclamatory particle.
  5. Sentence-final imperative particle.
  6. Sentence-final speculative particle.

Compounds

  • 微乎其微
  • 情見乎言情见乎言
  • 情見乎辭情见乎辞
  • 應乎人心应乎人心
  • 扎乎
  • 拉近乎
  • 攻乎異端攻乎异端
  • 斷乎断乎 (duànhū)
  • 斷乎不可断乎不可
  • 於乎于乎
  • 於是乎于是乎 (yúshìhū)
  • 毫不在乎
  • 況乎况乎 (kuànghū)
  • 渙乎涣乎
  • 溜之乎也
  • 滿不在乎满不在乎

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (hō͘).

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings


Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 어조사 (eojosa ho))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References


Vietnamese

Han character

(hồ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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