< Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan < l

Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/l/b-ŋa

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology
  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lngaɣ (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *l-ŋa ⪤ b-ŋa (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972; LaPolla, 1987; Weidert, 1987); *-ŋa (Matisoff, 1983)

Numeral

*l/b-ŋa

Proto-Sino-Tibetan numerals
ONE*ʔit
*kat
*tjak ~ g-t(j)ik
TWO*g/s-ni-s
THREE*g-sum
FOUR*b-ləj
FIVE*l/b-ŋa
SIX*d-(k-)ruk
SEVEN*s-ni-s
EIGHT*b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat
NINE*d/s-kəw
TEN*gip
*ts(j)i(j) ~ tsjaj
TWENTY*(m-)kul
HUNDRED*b-r-gja
THOUSAND*s-toŋ
  1. five

Descendants

    • →   Japanese:  五 (ご, ​go)
            Korean:  오 (五, o)
            Vietnamese:  ngũ

      • Mandarin
        • Beijing: 五 (wǔ, /u²¹³/)
        • Chengdu: 五 /vu⁵³/
      • Cantonese
        • Guangzhou: 五 /ŋ̍¹³/
      • Hakka
        • Sixian: 五 /ŋ̍³¹/
        • Meixian: 五 /n̩³¹/
      • Wu
        • Shanghai: 五 /ɦŋ̍²³/
        • Suzhou: 五 /ŋ̍³¹/
    • Min
      • Min Bei
        Jian'ou: 五 /ŋu⁴²/
      • Min Dong
        Fuzhou: 五 /ŋou²⁴²/ (colloquial), /ŋu³³/ (literary)
      • Min Nan
        Hokkien:
        Quanzhou: 五 /ɡɔ²²/ (colloquial), /ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴/ (literary)
        Xiamen, Zhangzhou: 五 /ɡɔ²²/ (colloquial), /ŋɔ̃⁵³/ (literary)
        Teochew: 五 /ŋou³⁵/ (colloquial), /ŋou⁵²/, /u⁵²/ (literary)
  • Himalayish
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
      • Bodic
        • Tibetan
          • Sikkimese: ང (nga, “five”)
          • Written Tibetan: ལྔ (lnga, “five”)
  • Tangut-Qiang
    • Northern Tangut
      • Tangut: 𗏁 (ŋwə, “five”) /*ŋʷə⁵⁵/
    • rGyalrongic
      • Situ: (kə)mŋi (“five”)
      • Tshobdun: mŋo (“five”)
  • Jingpho-Asakian
    • Jingpho
      • Jingpho [Kachin]: manga (“five”)
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
    • Lolo-Burmese
      • Burmish
      • Loloish
        • Northern Loloish
          • Yi (Liangshan): ꉬ (nge, “five”)
  • Karen: *ŋjatᴰ (Luangthongkum, 2013)

See also
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