八

See also: 入, 丷, and ハ
八 U+516B, 八
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516B
← 兪
[U+516A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 公 →
[U+516C]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

八 (radical 12, 八+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 竹人 (HO), four-corner 80000, composition ⿰丿乀(GHT) or ⿰丿乁(JKV))

Stroke order

Usage notes

Minor strokes in the shape of ハ/八, as in the top of 劵, can be referred to 八. These are very frequently simplified to 丷. Contrast 劵/券, and different forms of 鬲/鬲.

Derived characters
  • Index:Chinese radical/八
  • 䒔

Descendants
  • Japanese: ハ (ha)

References
  • KangXi: page 126, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1450
  • Dae Jaweon: page 274, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 241, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+516B

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 八
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j01414

j01415

j01416

j01417

j01418

j01419

j01420

j01421

j01422

j01423

j01424

Bronze inscriptions

b00933

b00934

b00935

b00936

b00937

b00938

b00939

b00940

b00941

b00942

b00943

b00944

b00945

b00946

b00947

b00948

b00949

Small seal script

s00788

Transcribed ancient scripts

L26490

L26491

L26492

L26493

L26494

L26495

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (八) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扒 *preːds, *preːd, *pred
八 *preːd
𩡩 *preːd
朳 *preːd
玐 *preːd
釟 *preːd
汃 *pʰreːd, *prɯn

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 八 is two bent lines indicating the original meaning of "to divide". This character is later borrowed to mean "eight" because of homonymy, making the original meaning obsolete (now represented by 別).

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 八
variant forms 捌 financial

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gjat (“eight”). Compare Tibetan བརྒྱད (brgyad).

Pronunciation
Note: bá - a less common tone sandhi variant of 八 when it occurs before a departing-tone character, e.g. 八路.
Note:
  • peh/poeh - vernacular;
  • pat - literary.
Rime
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 鎋 (75)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 博拔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pəɨt̚/
Li
Rong		 /pɛt̚/
Wang
Li		 /pæt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ba
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bā
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˁret/
English eight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
No. 89
Phonetic
component		 八
Rime
group		 月
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 八
Old
Chinese		 /*preːd/

Definitions

八

  1. eight
  2. many, numerous
  3. (printing) pearl; The smallest size of usual type, standardized as 5 point.
  4. Short for 八卦 (bāguà).
    1. to gossip (about); to stick one's nose in
    2. (Cantonese) nosey; meddling
      八婆 [Cantonese]  ―  baat3 po4 [Jyutping]  ―  nosey parker; meddling woman
  5. A surname​.
See also
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写)		 〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写)		 零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds
Derived terms from 八

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (八):

Others:

Etymology 2
simp. and trad.
 八

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 別／别 (bié).

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 鎋 (75)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 博拔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pəɨt̚/
Li
Rong		 /pɛt̚/
Wang
Li		 /pæt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ba
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bā
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˁret/
English eight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
No. 89
Phonetic
component		 八
Rime
group		 月
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 八
Old
Chinese		 /*preːd/

Definitions

八

  1. † to divide; to differentiate

Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 八 – see 捌 (“to know”).
(This character, 八, is a variant form of 捌.)

Japanese
Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  7 8 9  > 
    Cardinal : 八

Kanji
八

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Numeral

八 (hiragana はち, rōmaji hachi)

  1. eight, 8

Noun

八 (hiragana はち, rōmaji hachi)

  1. eight
  2. Short for 八の字.
  3. Short for 八兵衛.

Etymology 2

The ablaut form of 四 (yo, “four”), which it doubles.

Noun

八 (hiragana や, rōmaji ya)

  1. eight

Coordinate terms
Japanese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular 零 (れい) (rei)
零 (ゼロ) (zero)		 一 (いち) (ichi) 二 (に) (ni) 三 (さん) (san) 四 (よん) (yon)
四 (し) (shi)		 五 (ご) (go) 六 (ろく) (roku) 七 (なな) (nana)
七 (しち) (shichi)		 八 (はち) (hachi) 九 (きゅう) (kyū)
九 (く) (ku)		 十 (じゅう) (jū)
Formal 壱 (いち) (ichi) 弐 (に) (ni) 参 (さん) (san) 拾 (じゅう) (jū)
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular 九 (きゅう)十 (じゅう) (kyūjū) 百 (ひゃく) (hyaku)
一 (いっ)百 (ぴゃく) (ippyaku)		 三 (さん)百 (びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六 (ろっ)百 (ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八 (はっ)百 (ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千 (せん) (sen)
一 (いっ)千 (せん) (issen)		 三 (さん)千 (ぜん) (sanzen) 八 (はっ)千 (せん) (hassen) 一 (いち)万 (まん) (ichiman) 一 (いち)億 (おく) (ichioku)
Formal 一 (いち)萬 (まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
一 (いっ)兆 (ちょう) (itchō) 八 (はっ)兆 (ちょう) (hatchō) 十 (じゅっ)兆 (ちょう) (jutchō) 一 (いっ)京 (けい) (ikkei) 六 (ろっ)京 (けい) (rokkei) 八 (はっ)京 (けい) (hakkei) 十 (じゅっ)京 (けい) (jukkei) 百 (ひゃっ)京 (けい) (hyakkei)

Korean

Hanja

八 • (pal, bae)

  1. eight

Numeral

八 • (pal) (hangeul 팔)

  1. eight

Vietnamese

Han character

八: Hán Việt readings: bát[1][2][3]
八: Nôm readings: bát[1][2], bắt[1][3], bớt[1]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
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