七

See also: 𠤎 and 匕
七 U+4E03, 七
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E03
← 丂
[U+4E02] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丄 →
[U+4E04]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

七 (radical 1, 一+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十山 (JU), four-corner 40710, composition ⿻㇀乚(GHJKV) or ⿻㇀㇄(T))

Derived characters

Descendants

References

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 七
variant forms 柒 financial
𠀁 ancient
桼 financial; ancient

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 七
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j29812

j29813

j29814

j29815

j29816

j29817

j29818

j29819

j29820

j29821

Bronze inscriptions

b19909

b19910

b19911

b19912

b19913

b19914

b19915

b19916

b19917

b19918

b19919

b19920

b19921

b19922

Small seal script

s10922

Transcribed ancient scripts

L25769

L25770

L25771

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (七) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
切 *sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd
砌 *sʰiːds
沏 *sʰiːd
七 *sn̥ʰid
柒 *sn̥ʰid
叱 *n̥ʰjid

The character 七 was originally a pictogram of a vertical line and a horizontal line bisecting each other – original character of 切 (OC *sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd, “to cut”).

The top-most horizontal stroke is done from left to right. The vertical line and bottom-most horizontal line are done as one stroke, from top-left to bottom-right.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ni-s (“seven”).

Pronunciation
Note: qí - a variant (and regional) sandhi tone when it occurs before fourth-tone syllables.
Note:
  • chhit - literary;
  • chhiak - vernacular.
Note: cêg4 - Jieyang.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 七
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰi²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕʰji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡sʰiʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰit̚¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰi²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰik̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sit̚⁵/
Rime
Character 七
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 親吉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰit̚/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰiĕt̚/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qi
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 七
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshit ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[tsʰ]i[t]/
English seven

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 七
Reading # 1/1
No. 9910
Phonetic
component		 七
Rime
group		 質
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 七
Old
Chinese		 /*sn̥ʰid/

Definitions

七

  1. seven
  2. (printing) agate: The size of type between 小六 (xiǎoliù, “little 6”) and 八 (bā, “8”), standardized as 5½ point.

Compounds
Derived terms from 七

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (七):

Others:

  • → Ai-Cham: sit⁷
  • → Tai: *cetᴰ (see there for further descendants)

See also
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写)		 〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写)		 零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Further reading

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 七 – see 𨳍 (“penis; dorky; clumsy; stupid; dumb; etc.”).
(This character, 七, is a variant form of 𨳍.)

Japanese
Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  6 7 8  > 
    Cardinal : 七

Kanji
七

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. seven
  2. seventh
  3. seven times

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Alternative forms
Kanji in this term
七
しち
Grade: 1
goon
  • (financial form) 漆

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 七 (MC t͡sʰiɪt̚).

Pronunciation

Numeral

七 (hiragana しち, rōmaji shichi)

  1. seven, 7
Usage notes
  • なな (nana, see below) is used instead of しち (shichi) in conversation because しち (shichi) is considered unlucky. Compare 四 (yon, shi).
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
七
なな
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Numeral

七 (hiragana なな, rōmaji nana)

  1. seven, 7
Derived terms
Derived terms

Noun

七 (hiragana なな, rōmaji nana)

  1. a seven
  2. a gambler
Derived terms
  • 七 (なな)曲 (ま)がり (nanamagari)

Proper noun

七 (hiragana なな, rōmaji Nana)

  1. a surname

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
七
な
Grade: 1
Irregular

Shortening from nana above.

Pronunciation

Numeral

七 (hiragana な, rōmaji na)

  1. (colloquial) seven, 7

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
七
Grade: 1
Irregular

Borrowed from Mandarin 七 (qī)

Pronunciation
  • (Irregular reading)

Numeral

七 (katakana チー, rōmaji chī)

  1. seven, 7
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 七索 (チーソウ) (chīsō, “seven bamboo”, mahjong tile)
  • 七 (チー)対 (トイ)子 (ツ) (chītoitsu, “seven pairs”)
  • 七筒 (チーピン) (chīpin, “seven circle”, mahjong tile)
  • 七萬 (チーワン) (chīwan, “seven wan”, mahjong tile)

Coordinate terms
Japanese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular 零 (れい) (rei)
零 (ゼロ) (zero)		 一 (いち) (ichi) 二 (に) (ni) 三 (さん) (san) 四 (よん) (yon)
四 (し) (shi)		 五 (ご) (go) 六 (ろく) (roku) 七 (なな) (nana)
七 (しち) (shichi)		 八 (はち) (hachi) 九 (きゅう) (kyū)
九 (く) (ku)		 十 (じゅう) (jū)
Formal 壱 (いち) (ichi) 弐 (に) (ni) 参 (さん) (san) 拾 (じゅう) (jū)
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular 九 (きゅう)十 (じゅう) (kyūjū) 百 (ひゃく) (hyaku)
一 (いっ)百 (ぴゃく) (ippyaku)		 三 (さん)百 (びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六 (ろっ)百 (ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八 (はっ)百 (ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千 (せん) (sen)
一 (いっ)千 (せん) (issen)		 三 (さん)千 (ぜん) (sanzen) 八 (はっ)千 (せん) (hassen) 一 (いち)万 (まん) (ichiman) 一 (いち)億 (おく) (ichioku)
Formal 一 (いち)萬 (まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
一 (いっ)兆 (ちょう) (itchō) 八 (はっ)兆 (ちょう) (hatchō) 十 (じゅっ)兆 (ちょう) (jutchō) 一 (いっ)京 (けい) (ikkei) 六 (ろっ)京 (けい) (rokkei) 八 (はっ)京 (けい) (hakkei) 十 (じゅっ)京 (けい) (jukkei) 百 (ひゃっ)京 (けい) (hyakkei)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean

Hanja

七 (eumhun 일곱 칠 (ilgop chil))

  1. seven

Old Japanese
Old Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  6 7 8  > 
    Cardinal : 七
    Ordinal : 七つ

Etymology

Unbound apophonic form of なの (⟨nano2⟩ → nano).

Numeral

七 (nana)

  1. seven, 7
    • 711–712, Kojiki (poem 15)
      夜 (や)麻 (ま)登 (と)能 (の)多 (た)加 (か)佐 (さ)士 (じ)怒 (の)袁 (を)那 (な)那 (な)由 (ゆ)久 (く)袁 (を)登 (と)賣 (め)杼 (ど)母 (も)多 (た)禮 (れ)袁 (を)志 (し)摩 (ま)加 (か)牟 (む) [Man'yōgana]
      大和 (やまと)の高 (たか)佐 (さ)士 (じ)野 (の)をなな行 (ゆ)くをとめども誰 (たれ)をし枕 (ま)かむ [Modern spelling]
      Yamato no Takasajino o nana yuku otome-domo tare o shi makamu
      (please add an English translation of this example)

Derived terms
  • 七の賢しき人 (nana no sakasiki pito)

Descendants
  • Japanese: 七 (nana)

References

Vietnamese

Han character

七: Hán Việt readings: thất (戚(thích)悉(tất)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
七: Nôm readings: thất[2], sất[1]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
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