千

See also: 于, 仟, 壬, 干, and 韆
千 U+5343, 千
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5343
← 卂
[U+5342] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卄 →
[U+5344]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

千 (radical 24, 十+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 竹十 (HJ), four-corner 20400, composition ⿱丿十)

Descendants

References
  • KangXi: page 155, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2697
  • Dae Jaweon: page 351, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 59, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5343

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 千
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (人) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
千 *sn̥ʰiːn
仟 *sn̥ʰiːn
芊 *sn̥ʰiːn, *sn̥ʰiːns
阡 *sn̥ʰiːn
汘 *sn̥ʰiːn
迁 *sn̥ʰiːn
杄 *sn̥ʰiːn
人 *njin
仁 *njin
朲 *njin
佞 *neːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sn̥ʰiːn) : semantic 一 (“one, signifying a number”) + phonetic 人 (OC *njin). The Old Chinese pronunciations of 千 (OC *sn̥ʰiːn) and 人 (OC *njin) were similar. For the component 人, compare its combining form 亻.

The traditional explanation holds that the extra line indicates an extension (see the etymologies of 年 and 延). 千 has the meaning one thousand because one thousand is a number that is reached by extending one's counting.

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 千
variant forms 仟 financial

Unknown. Schuessler (2007) noticed similar-looking Mon-Khmer lexical items, though their initials and finals do not match Old Chinese; compare Vietnamese nghìn and Old Mon lṅim (whence Mon လ္ၚီ (ŋìm)), all meaning "thousand". Compare also Proto-Hlai *C-ŋin.

Pronunciation
Note:
  • chheng/chhuiⁿ - vernacular;
  • chhian - literary.
Note:
  • cain1 - Huilai, Jieyang, Chaoyang;
  • coin1 - other places.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 千
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰian²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰiã²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sʰiã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰian²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiã²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕʰiã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰiɛn⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡sʰien³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰiĩ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰie̞¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sʰiɪ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰiẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰi³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰe³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰiẽ³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰiẽ³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰien⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰien²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰin⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sʰin⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰin⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰian⁵⁵/
/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰieŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰaiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰõi³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sin²³/
/sai²³/
Rime
Character 千
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 蒼先切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰen/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰen/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰɛn/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰen/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰien/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qiān
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 千
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qiān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshen ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.n̥ˁi[ŋ]/
English thousand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 千
Reading # 1/1
No. 10792
Phonetic
component		 人
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 千
Old
Chinese		 /*sn̥ʰiːn/
Notes 小徐人聲，甲文乃借人加一

Definitions

千

  1. thousand
  2. many; numerous
  3. very
See also
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写)		 〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写)		 零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds
Derived terms from 千

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 千 – see 韆.
(This character, 千, is the simplified form of 韆.)
Notes:

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji
千

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
千
せん
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 千 (tshen, “thousand”).

Pronunciation

Noun

千 (hiragana ち, rōmaji chi)

  1. thousand

Derived terms
Japanese numerical compounds with 千 (せん) (sen)
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 Thousands of
千 (せん) (sen)
一 (いっ)千 (せん) (issen)		 二 (に)千 (せん) (nisen) 三 (さん)千 (ぜん) (sanzen) 四 (よん)千 (せん) (yonsen) 五 (ご)千 (せん) (gosen) 六 (ろく)千 (せん) (rokusen) 七 (なな)千 (せん) (nanasen) 八 (はっ)千 (せん) (hassen) 九 (きゅう)千 (せん) (kyūsen) 何 (なん)千 (ぜん) (nanzen)

Number

千 (hiragana せん, rōmaji sen)

  1. thousand

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

千 • (cheon)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 천
    • Name (hangeul): 일천
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

千: Hán Nôm readings: thiên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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