君
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Translingual
Han character
君 (radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸大口 (SKR), four-corner 17607, composition ⿸尹口)
References
- KangXi: page 177, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3323
- Dae Jaweon: page 394, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 595, character 6
- Unihan data for U+541B
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
君 |
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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 君 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (君) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
涒 | *l̥ʰuːn |
麏 | *krun |
莙 | *krun, *ɡrunʔ, *klun |
輑 | *kʰrun |
蜠 | *kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ |
峮 | *kʰrun |
窘 | *ɡrunʔ |
僒 | *ɡrunʔ |
君 | *klun |
桾 | *klun |
宭 | *klun, *ɡlun |
鮶 | *klun |
捃 | *kluns |
群 | *ɡlun |
羣 | *ɡlun |
裙 | *ɡlun |
裠 | *ɡlun |
帬 | *ɡlun |
焄 | *qʰlun |
郡 | *ɡluns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *klun) and ideogrammic compound (會意) : phonetic 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “(hand holding a rod) to administer”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). In the oracle bones and early Zhou bronze inscriptions, 君 (jūn) was often interchanged with 尹. Shuowen suggests that 口 represents commands, but it may simply be decorative.
Etymology
- “lord; prince”
- Unknown. Here are several possibilities:
- Related to Old Mon kmin, kmun (“to exercise royal power; to be king; to reign”) (Schuessler, 2007);
- Related to 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “director; governor”) and 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) and cognate with Tibetan མགོན (mgon, “protector; master; lord”) (Mei Tsu-lin, 1985);
- The *k- prefixed derivative of 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “to straighten; to administer”) (Baxter and Sagart, 1998); however, this is phonologically problematic (Schuessler, 2007).
- ACG sense
- Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 君 (-kun).
Pronunciation
Definitions
君
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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君 |
きみ Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
⟨ki1mi1⟩ → */kʲimʲi/ → /kimi/
From Old Japanese.
Alternative forms
Noun
- a ruler of a country
- Antonym: 臣 (omi)
- a master
- Synonyms: 主君 (shukun), 主人 (shujin)
- a nobleman or other person of high(er) rank
- (after a が (ga) or の (no) particle) term of respect to another person
- (historical, archaic) a prostitute
- (historical) one of the hereditary titles bestowed to local chiefs in ancient Japan
Derived terms
- 大君 (ōkimi)
Pronoun
君 (hiragana きみ, katakana キミ, rōmaji kimi)
- (informal, chiefly men's speech) second-person personal pronoun: you
- 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 12, poem 669; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 50)
- 君がため惜しからざりし命さへ長くもがなと思ひけるかな
- kimi ga tama oshikarazarishi inochi sae nagaku mogana to omoikeru kana
- I thought I would give up my life to hold you in my arms, but after a night together, I find myself wishing that I could live for ever.[3]
- 君がため惜しからざりし命さへ長くもがなと思ひけるかな
- 2000 September 18, Inokuma, Shinobu, “
PART 1雨 のち… [PART1 After the Rain…]”, inSALAD DAYS [SALAD DAYS], volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 110:- 俺は別にいいけど…キミ、学校で「知らない人について行っちゃダメ」とか、教わんなかった?
- Ore wa betsu ni ii kedo… Kimi, gakkō de “shiranai hito ni tsuite itcha dame” to ka, osowan nakatta?
- Fine by me… But haven’t you been taught at school that “you shouldn’t go anywhere with strangers”?
- 俺は別にいいけど…キミ、学校で「知らない人について行っちゃダメ」とか、教わんなかった?
- 2005 November 9, Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “
武 装 錬 金 ファイナル [Armed Alchemy: The Final Act]”, in武 装 錬 金 [Armed Alchemy], volume 9, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:- 来るぞ カズキ!手を放すな!キミと私は一心同体 キミが死ぬ時が私が死ぬ時だ!
- Kuru zo Kazuki! Te o hanasu na! Kimi to watashi wa isshin dōtai Kimi ga shinu toki ga watashi ga shinu toki da!
- Incoming, Kazuki! Don’t let go! You and me, together as one. When you die, I die!
- 来るぞ カズキ!手を放すな!キミと私は一心同体 キミが死ぬ時が私が死ぬ時だ!
- 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 12, poem 669; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 50)
Usage notes
Usage notes
- There is no direct translation in English – as with other Japanese honorifics, it might roughly correspond to dear, as in “your dear father”.
- Respectful suffixes also serve to indicate whose relative is in question: rather than “my father” and “your father”, one would say 父 (chichi, “father”) and 父君 (chichi-gimi, “dear father”).
- Used of nobles. Attaches to close family relationship nouns such as 母 (haha, “mother”), 姉 (ane, “sister”), 姫 (hime, “daughter of a noble family, princess”).
Usage notes
-kun is often used as a suffix when calling someone. The listener is lower or the same level in social position and is often, but not always, male.
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
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君 |
きんじ Grade: 3 |
/kimud͡ʑi/ → /kind͡ʑi/
Shift from older きむぢ (kimudi → kimuji). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronoun
君 (hiragana きんじ, rōmaji kinji, historical hiragana きんぢ)
- second person personal pronoun: you
- 970-999, Utsubo Monogatari (Fukiage, ge)[4]
- きんぢ、この手を傳へ施す物ならば、この世になからん世なりとも、訪ひ守らん。
- 970-999, Utsubo Monogatari (Kurabiraki, jō)[5]
- 「[...] ある時は「きんぢがつたなく吾を人気なくハ生み出したる」とさへぞの給フや」
- 970-999, Utsubo Monogatari (Kuniyuzuri, jō)[6]
- 喜びて、見給ヒて、聲を放ちて「我が親の今々とし給ひしまで「我はきんぢを思ふにぞ黄泉もえ往くまじき。[...]」」
- 970-999, Utsubo Monogatari (Fukiage, ge)[4]
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- Peter MacMillan, translator (2018) One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each: A Treasury of Classical Japanese Verse, Penguin UK, →ISBN
- Kōno, Tama (c. 970–999) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 10: Utsubo Monogatari 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1959, →ISBN.
- Kōno, Tama (1961) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 11: Utsubo Monogatari 2 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Kōno, Tama (1962) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 12: Utsubo Monogatari 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
Korean
Vietnamese
Han character
君: Hán Nôm readings: quân, vua
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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