lord
English
Etymology
From Middle English lord and lorde (attested from the 15th century), from earlier (14th century) lourde and other variants which dropped the intervocalic consonant of earlier lowerd, louerd, loverd, laford, and lhoaverd; from Old English hlāford and hlāfweard, a compound of hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + weard (“ward, guardian, keeper”); see loaf and ward. The compound exists in Icelandic as lávarður, related to the Old English hlāf-ǣta (“servant”, literally “bread-eater”); it was already being applied broadly prior to the literary development of Old English and was influenced by its common use to translate Latin dominus. Compare Scots laird (“lord”), preserving a separate vowel development (from northern/Scottish Middle English lard, laverd), and modern English lady, from Old English hlǣfdīġe (“bread-kneader”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /lɔːd/
- (General American) IPA(key): /lɔɹd/
Audio (US) (file) Audio (AU) (file) - Homophone: lored (in accents with the horse-hoarse merger),
- Homophone: laud
- Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)d
Noun
lord (plural lords)
- (obsolete) The master of the servants of a household; (historical) the master of a feudal manor
- c. 950, Lindisfarne Gospels, Matt. xxiv. 46
- 1611, King James Bible, Matt. xxiv. 46
- 1600, William Shakespeare, The moſt excellent Hiſtorie of the Merchant of Venice, iii. ii. 167 ff.
- 1794, E. Christian in William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, II. 418
- Lords of manors are distinguished from other land-owners with regard to the game.
- (archaic) The male head of a household, a father or husband.
- 831, charter in Henry Sweet, The oldest English texts, 445
- Ymbe ðet lond et cert ðe hire eðelmod hire hlabard salde.
- 1594, William Shakespeare, "The Rape of Lucrece"
- c. 1591, William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew (1623), v. ii. 131 f.
- 1611, King James Bible, Gen. xviii. 12
- 1816, Jane Austen, Emma, III. xvi. 300
- Yes, here I am, my good friend; and here I have been so long, that anywhere else I should think it necessary to apologise; but, the truth is, that I am waiting for my lord and master.
- 831, charter in Henry Sweet, The oldest English texts, 445
- (archaic) The owner of a house, piece of land, or other possession
- ante 1300, Cursor Mundi, 601 f.
- 1480, Waterford Archives in the 10th Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (1885), App. v. 316
- ante 1637, Ben Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. i. 36
- A mightie Lord of Swine!
- 1697, John Dryden translating Publius Virgilius Maro's Æneis, xii
- Turnus...
- Wrench'd from his feeble hold the shining Sword;
- And plung'd it in the Bosom of its Lord.
- 1874, J. H. Collins, Principles of Metal Mining (1875), Gloss. 139/2
- Lord, the owner of the land in which a mine is situated is called the ‘lord’.
- One possessing similar mastery over others; (historical) any feudal superior generally; any nobleman or aristocrat; any chief, prince, or sovereign ruler; in Scotland, a male member of the lowest rank of nobility (the equivalent rank in England is baron)
- c. 893, Orosius's History, i. i. §13
- Ohthere sæde his hlaforde, Ælfrede cyninge, þæt...
- 1530, John Palsgrave, Lesclarcissement, 680/1
- 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, xii. 70
- Man over men He made not Lord.
- (historical) A feudal tenant holding his manor directly of the king
- A peer of the realm, particularly a temporal one
- ante 1375, William of Palerne (1867), l.4539
- ante 1420, T. Hoccleve, De Regimine Principum, 442
- 1453, Rolls of Parliament, V. 266/2
- 1597, William Shakespeare, The life and death of King Richard the Second, iv.i.18
- 1614, J. Selden, Titles of Honor, 59
- 1900 July 21, Daily Express, 5/7
- The Englishman of to-day still dearly loves a lord.
- (obsolete, uncommon) A baron or lesser nobleman, as opposed to greater ones
- 1526, W. Bonde, Pylgrimage of Perfection, i. sig. Bviiiv
- 1826, Benjamin Disraeli, Vivian Grey, II. iii. iii. 26
- The Marquess played off the two Lords and the Baronet against his former friend.
- c. 893, Orosius's History, i. i. §13
- One possessing similar mastery in figurative senses (esp. as lord of ~)
- ante 1300, Cursor Mundi, 782
- 1398, John Trevisa translating Bartholomew de Glanville's De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495), viii. xvi. 322
- The sonne is the lorde of planetes.
- 1697, John Dryden translating Publius Virgilius Maro as Georgics, iii
- Love is Lord of all.
- 1895, Kenneth Graham, The Golden Age, London, page 8:
- The masterful wind was up and out, shouting and chasing, the lord of the morning.
- 1992 November 18, Larry David, Seinfeld, 4.11: "The Contest":
- But are you still master of your domain?
- I am king of the county. You?
- Lord of the manor.
- The magnates of a trade or profession
- 1823, W. Cobbett, Rural Rides (1885), I. 399
- Oh, Oh! The cotton Lords are tearing!
- 1823, W. Cobbett, Rural Rides (1885), I. 399
- (astrology) The heavenly body considered to possess a dominant influence over an event, time, etc.
- c. 1391, Geoffrey Chaucer, Treatise on the Astrolabe, ii. §4:
- (Britain, slang, obsolete) A hunchback.
- 1699, B.E., A new dictionary of the terms ancient and modern of the canting crew:
- Lord, a very crooked, deformed... Person.
- 1699, B.E., A new dictionary of the terms ancient and modern of the canting crew:
- (Britain, Australia, via Cockney rhyming slang, obsolete) Sixpence.
- 1933 November 16, Times Literary Supplement, 782/1:
- Twenty years ago you might hear a sixpence described as a ‘Lord’ meaning ‘Lord of the Manor’; that is, a tanner.
- 1933 November 16, Times Literary Supplement, 782/1:
Synonyms
- (master, owner): drighten, possessor, proprietor, sovereign
Derived terms
- lord mesne
- lordness
- lord paramount
- lord in gross
- lord of the manor
- House of Lords
- Lords Temporal
- Lords Spiritual
- drunk as a lord
- lordhood
- lord-in-waiting
- lord of the bedchamber
- lord superior
- lords of creation
- lordship
- warlord
- landlord
- lord-fish
- lordy
- slumlord
- lord it over
- lordliness
- overlord
- Lord Mayor
Descendants
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
See also
Verb
lord (third-person singular simple present lords, present participle lording, simple past and past participle lorded)
- (intransitive and transitive) Domineer or act like a lord.
- Edmund Spenser
- The grisly toadstool grown there might I see, / And loathed paddocks lording on the same.
- Edmund Spenser
- (transitive) To invest with the dignity, power, and privileges of a lord; to grant the title of lord.
- c. 1610–1611, Shakespeare, William, The Tempest, Act 1, Scene 2:
- He being thus lorded / Not only with what my revenue yielded, / But what my power might else exact, […] / he did believe / He was indeed the Duke
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Derived terms
- (act like a lord): lord it over
Translations
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References
- lord in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- lord at OneLook Dictionary Search
- Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "lord, n.". Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1903.
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈlord]
- Hyphenation: lord
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | lord | lordok |
accusative | lordot | lordokat |
dative | lordnak | lordoknak |
instrumental | lorddal | lordokkal |
causal-final | lordért | lordokért |
translative | lorddá | lordokká |
terminative | lordig | lordokig |
essive-formal | lordként | lordokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | lordban | lordokban |
superessive | lordon | lordokon |
adessive | lordnál | lordoknál |
illative | lordba | lordokba |
sublative | lordra | lordokra |
allative | lordhoz | lordokhoz |
elative | lordból | lordokból |
delative | lordról | lordokról |
ablative | lordtól | lordoktól |
Possessive forms of lord | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | lordom | lordjaim |
2nd person sing. | lordod | lordjaid |
3rd person sing. | lordja | lordjai |
1st person plural | lordunk | lordjaink |
2nd person plural | lordotok | lordjaitok |
3rd person plural | lordjuk | lordjaik |
References
- Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Italian
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /loɾð/, /loɾ/
Turkish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɫoɾd]
- Hyphenation: lord
Declension
Inflection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | lord | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | lordu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | lord | lordlar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | lordu | lordları | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | lorda | lordlara | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | lordda | lordlarda | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | lorddan | lordlardan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | lordun | lordların | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hypernyms
- asilzade