do

• doe

From Middle English don, from Old English dōn, from Proto-Germanic *dōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, do, make”).

The past tense form is from Middle English didde, dude, from Old English dyde, *diede, from Proto-Germanic *dedǭ/*dedē, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti, an athematic e-reduplicated verb of the same root *dʰeh₁-.

The use of do in interrogative, negative, and, formerly, affirmative sentences, unusual in Germanic languages, is thought to be calqued from Brythonic.[1]

• (UK) enPR: do͞o, IPA^(key): /duː/
• (US, Canada) enPR: do͞o, IPA^(key): /du/
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /dʉː/
• (US)

  (file)

• Audio (AU)

  (file)

• (colloquial; for some speakers, when 'do' is unstressed and the next word starts with /j/) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒ/
• Rhymes: -uː
• Homophone: doo
• Homophones: dew, due (in accents with yod-dropping)

do (third-person singular simple present does, present participle doing, simple past did, past participle done)

1. (auxiliary) A syntactic marker
   1. (auxiliary) A syntactic marker in a question whose main verb is not another auxiliary verb or be.

      Do you go there often?

   2. (auxiliary) A syntactic marker in negations with the indicative and imperative moods.
      • 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 4, in The Celebrity:

        “Well,” I answered, at first with uncertainty, then with inspiration, “he would do splendidly to lead your cotillon, if you think of having one.” ¶ “So you do not dance, Mr. Crocker?” ¶ I was somewhat set back by her perspicuity.

      I do not go there often.

      Do not listen to him.

   3. (auxiliary) A syntactic marker for emphasis with the indicative, imperative, and subjunctive moods.
      • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 7, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

        “I don't know how you and the ‘head,’ as you call him, will get on, but I do know that if you call my duds a ‘livery’ again there'll be trouble. It's bad enough to go around togged out like a life saver on a drill day, but I can stand that 'cause I'm paid for it. […]”

      But I do go sometimes.

      Do tell us.

      It is important that he do come see me.

   4. (pro-verb) A syntactic marker that refers back to an earlier verb and allows the speaker to avoid repeating the verb; not generally used with auxiliaries such as "be".

      I play tennis; she does too.

      1. (African American Vernacular) Can refer back to "be".

         They don't think it be like it is, but it do.

2. (transitive) To perform; to execute.
   • 2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 48:

     The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about […], or offering services that let you "stay up to date with what your friends are doing", […] and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention.

   All you ever do is surf the Internet. What will you do this afternoon?

3. (obsolete) To cause, make (someone) (do something).
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, II.vi:

     Sometimes to doe him laugh, she would assay / To laugh at shaking of the leaues light, / Or to behold the water worke […]

   • W. Caxton

     My lord Abbot of Westminster did do shewe to me late certain evidences.

   • Spenser

     a fatal plague which many did to die

   • Bible, 2 Cor. viii. 1

     We do you to wit [i.e. we make you to know] of the grace of God bestowed on the churches of Macedonia.

4. (intransitive, transitive) To suffice.
   • 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 4, in The Celebrity:

     “Well,” I answered, at first with uncertainty, then with inspiration, “he would do splendidly to lead your cotillon, if you think of having one.” ¶ “So you do not dance, Mr. Crocker?” ¶ I was somewhat set back by her perspicuity.

   • 1922, Margery Williams, The Velveteen Rabbit

     "Here," she said, "take your old Bunny! He'll do to sleep with you!" And she dragged the Rabbit out by one ear, and put him into the Boy's arms.

   it’s not the best broom, but it will have to do;  this will do me, thanks.

5. (intransitive) To be reasonable or acceptable.

   It simply will not do to have dozens of children running around such a quiet event.

6. (transitive) To have (as an effect).

   The fresh air did him some good.

7. (intransitive) To fare, perform (well or poorly).
   • 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

     Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.

   Our relationship isn't doing very well;  how do you do?

8. (transitive, chiefly in questions) To have as one's job.

   What does Bob do? — He's a plumber.

9. To perform the tasks or actions associated with (something)

   "Don't forget to do your report" means something quite different depending on whether you're a student or a programmer.

10. To cook.
    • 1889, Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men In a Boat:

      It seemed, from his account, that he was very good at doing scrambled eggs.

    • 1944, News from the Suburbs‎:

      We went down below, and the galley-slave did some ham and eggs, and the first lieutenant, who was aged 19, told me about Sicily, and time went like a flash.

    • 2005, Alan Tansley, The Grease Monkey, page 99:

      Next morning, they woke about ten o'clock, Kev, went for a shower while Alice, did some toast, put the kettle on, and when he came out, she went in.

    I'll just do some eggs.

11. (transitive) To travel in, to tour, to make a circuit of.
    • 1869, Louisa May Alcott, Little Women, 1957 ed. edition:

      We 'did' London to our heart's content, thanks to Fred and Frank, and were sorry to go away, […]

    • 1892, James Batchelder, Multum in Parvo: Notes from the Life and Travels of James Batchelder‎, page 97:

      After doing Paris and its suburbs, I started for London […]

    • 1968, July 22, “Ralph Schoenstein”, in Nice Place to Visit‎, page 28:

      No tourist can get credit for seeing America first without doing New York, the Wonderful Town, the Baghdad-on-Hudson, the dream in the eye of the Kansas hooker […]

    Let’s do New York also.

12. (transitive) To treat in a certain way.
    • 1894, (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, volume 87, page 59:

      They did me well, I assure you — uncommon well: Bellinger of '84; green chartreuse fit for a prince; […]

    • 1928, Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Abominable History of the Man with Copper Fingers", in Lord Peter Views the Body,

      Upon my word, although he [my host] certainly did me uncommonly well, I began to feel I'd be more at ease among the bushmen.

    • 1994, Jervey Tervalon, Understand This‎, →ISBN, page 50:

      "Why you gonna do me like that?" I ask. "Do what?" "Dog me."

13. (transitive) To work for or on, by way of caring for, looking after, preparing, cleaning, keeping in order, etc.
    • Harper's Magazine

      The sergeants seem to do themselves pretty well.

14. (intransitive, obsolete) To act or behave in a certain manner; to conduct oneself.
    • Bible, 2 Kings xvii. 34

      They fear not the Lord, neither do they after […] the law and commandment.

15. (transitive) (see also do time) To spend (time) in jail.

    I did five years for armed robbery.

16. (transitive) To impersonate or depict.

    They really laughed when he did Clinton, with a perfect accent and a leer.

17. (transitive, slang) To kill.
    • 2004, Patrick Stevens, Politics Is the Greatest Game: A Johannesburg Liberal Lampoon‎, →ISBN, page 314:

      He's gonna do me, Jarvis. I kid you not, this time he's gonna do me proper.

    • 2007, E.J. Churchill, The Lazarus Code, page 153:

      The order came and I did him right there. The bullet went right where it was supposed to go.

18. (transitive, slang) To deal with for good and all; to finish up; to undo; to ruin; to do for.
    • Charles Reade

      Sometimes they lie in wait in these dark streets, and fracture his skull, […] or break his arm, or cut the sinew of his wrist; and that they call doing him.

19. (informal) To punish for a misdemeanor.

    He got done for speeding.

    Teacher'll do you for that!

20. (transitive, slang) To have sex with. (See also do it)
    • c. 1590, William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus, Act IV, scene II:

      Demetrius: "Villain, what hast thou done?"
      Aaron: "That which thou canst not undo."
      Chiron: "Thou hast undone our mother."
      Aaron: "Villain, I have done thy mother."

    • 1996, James Russell Kincaid, My Secret Life, page 81:

      […] one day I did her on the kitchen table, and several times on the dining-room table.

    • 2008, On the Line, Donna Hill‎, page 84:

      The uninhibited woman within wanted to do him right there on the countertop, but I remained composed.

21. (transitive) To cheat or swindle.

    That guy just did me out of two hundred bucks!

    • De Quincey

      He was not to be done, at his time of life, by frivolous offers of a compromise that might have secured him seventy-five per cent.

22. (transitive) To convert into a certain form; especially, to translate.

    the novel has just been done into English;  I'm going to do this play into a movie

23. (transitive, intransitive) To finish.

    Aren't you done yet?

24. (Britain, dated, intransitive) To work as a domestic servant (with for).
    • 1915, Frank Thomas Bullen, Recollections

      I've left my key in my office in Manchester, my family are at Bournemouth, and the old woman who does for me goes home at nine o'clock.

25. (archaic, dialectal, transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the present progressive of verbs.
    • 1844, William Barnes, Evenén in the Village, Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect:

      ...An' the dogs do bark, an' the rooks be a-vled to the elems high and dark, an' the water do roar at mill.

26. (stock exchange) To cash or to advance money for, as a bill or note.
27. (informal, transitive) To make or provide.

    Do they do haircuts there?

    Could you do me a burger with mayonnaise instead of ketchup?

28. (informal, transitive) To injure (one's own body part).
    • 2010 April 24, “Given stretchered off with suspected broken shoulder”, in The Irish Times‎, retrieved 2015-07-21:

      "Defender Kolo Toure admitted Given will be a loss, but gave his backing to Nielsen. 'I think he's done his shoulder,' said the Ivorian."

    • 2014 April 14, Matt Cleary, “What do Australia's cricketers do on holiday?”, in ESPNcricinfo‎, retrieved 2015-07-21:

      "Watto will spend the entire winter stretching and doing Pilates, and do a hamstring after bending down to pick up his petrol cap after dropping it filling his car at Caltex Cronulla."

    • 2014 August 13, Harry Thring, “I knew straight away I'd done my ACL: Otten”, in AFL.com.au‎, retrieved 2015-07-21:

      "'I knew straight away I'd done my ACL, I heard the sound - it was very loud and a few of the boys said they heard it as well,' Otten said."

29. (transitive) To take drugs.

    I do cocaine.

30. (transitive, in the form be doing [somewhere]) To exist with a purpose or for a reason.

    What's that car doing in our swimming pool?

• In older forms of English, when the pronoun thou was in active use, and verbs used -est for distinct second-person singular indicative forms, the verb do had two such forms: dost, in auxiliary uses, and doest, in other uses. The past tense of both forms is didst.
• Similarly, when the ending -eth was in active use for third-person singular present indicative forms, the form doth was used as an auxiliary, and the form doeth elsewhere.

• don't

See do/translations § Verb.

• Appendix:Collocations of do, have, make, and take
• Category:English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle

do (plural dos)

1. (colloquial) A party, celebration, social function.

   We’re having a bit of a do on Saturday to celebrate my birthday.

   • 2013, Russell Brand, Russell Brand and the GQ awards: 'It's amazing how absurd it seems' (in The Guardian, 13 September 2013)

     After a load of photos and what-not, we descend the world's longest escalator, which are called that even as they de-escalate, and in we go to the main forum, a high ceilinged hall, full of circular cloth-draped, numbered tables, a stage at the front, the letters GQ, 12-foot high in neon at the back; this aside, though, neon forever the moniker of trash, this is a posh do, in an opera house full of folk in tuxes.

2. (informal) A hairdo.
   • 2012, Hannah Richell, The Secrets of the Tides, →ISBN, page 464:

     I like the new do.

   Nice do!

3. Something that can or should be done (usually in the phrase dos and don'ts).
4. (obsolete) A deed; an act.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Sir Walter Scott to this entry?)

5. (archaic) Ado; bustle; stir; to-do; A period of confusion or argument.
   • Selden

     A great deal of do, and a great deal of trouble.

6. (obsolete, Britain, slang) A cheat; a swindler.
7. (obsolete, Britain, slang) An act of swindling; a fraud or deception.

• For the plural of the noun, the spelling dos would be correct; do's is often used for the sake of legibility, but is sometimes considered incorrect. For the party, the term usually implies a social function of modest size and formality.

• (period of confusion or argument): to-do
• (party, celebration): get-together

From the name of musicologist Giovanni Battista Doni, who suggested replacing the original ut with an open syllable for ease of singing. First found in Italian.

• doh

• (UK) enPR: dō, IPA^(key): /dəʊ/
• (US) enPR: dō, IPA^(key): /doʊ/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əʊ
• Homophones: doe, dough

do (plural dos)

1. (music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the first and eighth tonic of a major scale.

• ut (archaic)

Short for ditto.

do (not comparable)

1. (rare) Abbreviation of ditto.

• O&D, O.D., O/D, OD, od

do

1. To want.
2. To like.
3. To love.

   Të dua.

   I love you.

• IPA^(key): [dòꜜò]

do

1. group

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

do

1. water

• The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈdo/

From Latin dōnum (“gift”)

do m (plural dons)

1. gift
2. talent

Borrowed from Italian do.

do m (plural dos)

1. (music) do (first note of diatonic scale)

From Old High German dār (“there”).

• IPA^(key): /dɔː/

do

1. here; there; in this or that place

From Old High German duo (“then”), variant of do, dō. Compare German da, Dutch toen.

• du, dunn (southern Moselle Francoinan)

• IPA^(key): /doː/ (traditional)
• IPA^(key): /dɔː/ (now sometimes by conflation with etymology 1 under standard German influence)

do

1. (Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) then; back then (at a certain time in the past)

From Old High German du.

• du (many dialects)
• dou (some dialects of Moselle Franconian)
• de (unstressed form)

• IPA^(key): /doː/

do

1. (few dialects, including Kölsch) thou; you (singular)

From Proto-Slavic *do.

• IPA^(key): /do/

• audio

  (file)

do + genitive

1. into, in (to the inside of)

   Vešel do místnosti. —He walked into the room.

   Dostala se jí voda do bot.—Water got in her boots.

2. to, in (in the direction of, and arriving at; indicating destination)

   Jdeme do obchodu. — We are walking to the shop.

   Přiletěli jsme do New Yorku. — We arrived in New York.

3. until (up to the time of)

   Zůstal tam až do neděle.—He stayed there until Sunday.

4. by (at some time before the given time)

   Ať jsi zpátky do desíti! — Be back by ten o'clock!

From Italian do (“the note”).

• IPA^(key): /doː/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oː

do m or f (plural do's)

1. do, the musical note
2. (Belgium) C, the musical note

• ut (archaic)

• bee
• fa
• kruis
• la
• mi
• mol
• re
• si
• sol

do (accusative singular do-on, plural do-oj, accusative plural do-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

• (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

From French donc.

do

1. therefore, then, indeed, however

From Old Portuguese do, from de + o.

do m (plural dos, feminine da, feminine plural das)

1. contraction of de (“of”) + o (“the”)
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     I si “a patria do homi é sua lengua”, cumu idía Albert Camus, o que está claru é que a lengua está mui por encima de fronteiras, serras, rius i maris, de situaciós pulíticas i sociu-económicas, de lazus religiosus e inclusu familiaris.

     And if “a man’s homeland [i.e. “homeland of the man”] is his language”, as Albert Camus said, what is clear is that language is above borders, mountain ranges, rivers and seas, above political and socio-economic situations, of religious and even family ties.

Borrowed from Italian do.

• IPA^(key): /toː/
• Rhymes: -oː

do n (genitive singular dos, plural do)

1. (music) do

• IPA^(key): /do/

• Audio (Paris)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -o

do m (plural do)

1. (music) do, the note 'C'.

• ut

• “do” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

From contraction of preposition de (“of, from”) + masculine definite article o (“the”)

• IPA^(key): /d̪ʊ/

do m (feminine da, masculine plural dos, feminine plural das)

1. of the; from the; 's

   cabalo do demo

   "demon's horse" ("dragonfly")

do

1. so, therefore

• d’ (used before vowel sounds)

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɔ/, /d̪ˠə/

do (triggers lenition)

1. (Munster, literary) marker of the past tense

   do mhol sé ― he praised

2. (Munster, literary) relative marker (nominative, accusative)

   an cailín do mholann sé ― the girl that he praises

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *do (“to, for”).

• d’ (used before vowel sounds)
• t’ (Munster, used before vowel sounds)

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɔ/, /d̪ˠə/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɡə/ (as if spelled go; do and go (“to, up to, until”) have largely become conflated in this dialect)

do (plus dative, triggers lenition)

1. to, for

   do chara ― to a friend, for a friend

2. used with the possessive determiners mo, do, bhur to indicate the direct object of a verbal noun, in place of ag after a form of bí in the progressive aspect

   Tá sé do mo ghortú. ― It’s hurting me.

   Bhí sé do d’fhiafraí. ― He was inquiring about you sg.

   Bhí sibh do bhur gcloí. ― You pl were being overthrown.

• d’ (used before vowel sounds)
• t’ (Munster, used before vowel sounds)

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *tu (“your, thy”).

• d’ (used before vowel sounds)

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠə/

do (triggers lenition)

1. your sg

   Cá bhfuil do charr?

   Where is your car?

• "do" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Entries containing “do” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “do” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

• Rhymes: -ɔ

• (rare) dò

do

1. first-person singular indicative present of dare

do m

1. do, the musical note
2. C (the musical note or key)

• od

do

1. Rōmaji transcription of ど
2. Rōmaji transcription of ド

do

1. behind
2. before (time)

• dant

From Proto-Italic *didō, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, from the root *deh₃- (“give”). The reduplication was lost in Latin in the present tense, but is preserved in the other Italic languages. A root aorist (from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃t) is preserved in Venetic [script needed] (doto); the other Italic perfect forms reflect a reduplicated stative, *dedai. However, the root aorist possibly served as the source of the Latin present forms.[1]

Cognates include Ancient Greek δίδωμι (dídōmi), Sanskrit ददाति (dádāti), Old Persian 𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 (dā-).

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /doː/

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

dō (present infinitive dare, perfect active dedī, supine datum); first conjugation, irregular

1. I give.
   • Tertium non datur.^{law of excluded middle}

     A third [possibility] is not given: ${\displaystyle P\lor \neg P}$ .

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.20.12:

     Honora patrem tuum et matrem tuam, ut sis longaevus super terram, quam Dominus Deus tuus dabit tibi.

     Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.

2. I offer, render.
   • Captivi ("the captives") by Plautus (English and Latin text)

     Do tibi operam, Aristophontes, si quid est quod me velis.

     I’m at your service, Aristophontes, if there’s anything you want of me.

     Literally: I offer labour to you, Aristophontes...

3. I yield, surrender, concede.

• (give): dōnō
• (offer, render): dōnō

• do in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• do in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• do in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to set out on a journey: in viam se dare
    
  • to give a horse the reins: frenos dare equo
    
  • to require, give, take time for deliberation: tempus (spatium) deliberandi or ad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere
    
  • to give some one a few days for reflection: paucorum dierum spatium ad deliberandum dare
    
  • to own oneself conquered, surrender: manus dare
    
  • to show oneself to some one: se in conspectum dare alicui
    
  • to take care of one's health: valetudini consulere, operam dare
    
  • to give a person poison in bread: dare venenum in pane
    
  • to give funeral games in honour of a person: ludos funebres alicui dare
    
  • this is the inscription on his tomb..: sepulcro (Dat.) or in sepulcro hoc inscriptum est
    
  • a favourable[1] opportunity presents itself: occasio datur, offertur
    
  • to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: occasionem alicui dare, praebere alicuius rei or ad aliquid faciendum
    
  • to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: facultatem alicui dare alicuius rei or ut possit...
    
  • to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: potestatem, copiam alicui dare, facere with Gen. gerund.
    
  • to give ground for suspicion: locum dare suspicioni
    
  • to give occasion for blame; to challenge criticism: ansas dare ad reprehendum, reprehensionis
    
  • to bring a man to ruin; to destroy: aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare
    
  • to do any one a service or kindness: beneficium alicui dare, tribuere
    
  • to award the prize to..: palmam deferre, dare alicui
    
  • to entrust a matter to a person; to commission: mandatum, negotium alicui dare
    
  • to consider a thing creditable to a man: aliquid laudi alicui ducere, dare
    
  • to reproach a person with..: aliquid alicui crimini dare, vertere
    
  • to take great pains in order to..: studiose (diligenter, enixe, sedulo, maxime) dare operam, ut...
    
  • to expend great labour on a thing: egregiam operam (multum, plus etc. operae) dare alicui rei
    
  • to abandon oneself to inactivity and apathy: ignaviae et socordiae se dare
    
  • to give a person his choice: optionem alicui dare (Acad. 2. 7. 19)
    
  • to offer a person the alternative of... or..: optionem alicui dare, utrum...an
    
  • to give a person advice: consilium dare alicui
    
  • to be forgotten, pass into oblivion: oblivioni esse, dari
    
  • to become a pupil, disciple of some one: operam dare or simply se dare alicui, se tradere in disciplinam alicuius, se conferre, se applicare ad aliquem
    
  • to give advice, directions, about a matter: praecepta dare, tradere de aliqua re
    
  • to grant, admit a thing: dare, concedere aliquid
    
  • to produce a play (of the writer): fabulam dare
    
  • to applaud, clap a person: plausum dare (alicui)
    
  • to give a gladiatorial show: munus gladiatorium edere, dare (or simply munus edere, dare)
    
  • to give a gladiatorial show: gladiatores dare
    
  • to let oneself be jovial: se dare iucunditati
    
  • to write a letter to some one: epistulam (litteras) dare, scribere, mittere ad aliquem
    
  • to charge some one with a letter for some one else: epistulam dare alicui ad aliquem
    
  • to be in correspondence with..: litteras inter se dare et accipere
    
  • Rome, January 1st: Kalendis Ianuariis Romā (dabam)
    
  • to give time for recovery: respirandi spatium dare
    
  • to pardon some one: alicui veniam dare (alicuius rei)
    
  • to guarantee the protection of the state; to promise a safe-conduct: fidem publicam dare, interponere (Sall. Iug. 32. 1)
    
  • to give one's word that..: fidem dare alicui (opp. accipere) (c. Acc. c. Inf.)
    
  • to rouse a person's suspicions: suspicionem movere, excitare, inicere, dare alicui
    
  • to deceive a person, throw dust in his eyes: verba dare alicui (Att. 15. 16)
    
  • to swear an oath to a person: iusiurandum dare alicui
    
  • to give an oracular response: oraculum dare, edere
    
  • to give an oracular response: responsum dare (vid. sect. VIII. 5, note Note to answer...), respondere
    
  • to give some one to drink: alicui bibere dare
    
  • to devote oneself to a person's society: se dare in consuetudinem alicuius
    
  • to enter into conversation with some one: se dare in sermonem cum aliquo
    
  • to give audience to some one: colloquendi copiam facere, dare
    
  • to give audience to some one: conveniendi aditum dare alicui
    
  • to give one's right hand to some one: dextram alicui porrigere, dare
    
  • to give a dowry to one's daughter: dotem filiae dare
    
  • to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one: filiam alicui in matrimonium dare
    
  • to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one: filiam alicui nuptum dare
    
  • to lend, borrow money at interest: pecuniam fenori (fenore) alicui dare, accipere ab aliquo
    
  • to lend money to some one: pecuniam alicui mutuam dare
    
  • to present a person with the freedom of the city: civitatem alicui dare, tribuere, impertire
    
  • to make laws (of a legislator): leges scribere, facere, condere, constituere (not dare)
    
  • let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4)
    
  • to give a man audience before the senate: senatum alicui dare (Q. Fr. 2. 11. 2)
    
  • to produce as a witness: aliquem testem dare, edere, proferre
    
  • to reproach, blame a person for..: aliquid alicui crimini dare, vitio vertere (Verr. 5. 50)
    
  • to pardon a person: veniam dare alicui
    
  • to be (heavily) punished by some one: poenas (graves) dare alicui
    
  • to put some one in irons, chains: in vincula (custodiam) dare aliquem
    
  • to enlist oneself: nomen (nomina) dare, profiteri
    
  • to give furlough, leave of absence to soldiers: commeatum militibus dare (opp. petere)
    
  • to pay the troops: stipendium dare, numerare, persolvere militibus
    
  • to give the watchword, countersign: tesseram dare (Liv. 28. 14)
    
  • to give the signal to engage: signum proelii dare
    
  • the cavalry covers the retreat: equitatus tutum receptum dat
    
  • to put the enemy to flight: in fugam dare, conicere hostem
    
  • to flee, run away: terga vertere or dare
    
  • to run away from the enemy: terga dare hosti
    
  • to take to flight: se dare in fugam, fugae
    
  • to dictate the terms of peace to some one: pacis condiciones dare, dicere alicui (Liv. 29. 12)
    
  • to give hostages: obsides dare
    
  • to reduce a people to their former obedience: aliquem ad officium (cf. sect. X. 7, note officium...) reducere (Nep. Dat. 2. 3)
    
  • to put to sea: vela in altum dare (Liv. 25. 27)
    
  • to set the sails: vela dare
    
  • to run before the wind: vento se dare
    

• IPA^(key): /du/

do

1. Contraction of de o.; of the (masculine singular)

From Proto-Slavic *do.

• IPA^(key): /dɔ/

do (with genitive)

1. to, into
   • 1998, Erwin Hannusch, Niedersorbisch praktisch und verständlich, Bauzten: Domowina, →ISBN Invalid ISBN, p. 30:

     Jana chójźi hyšći do šule, wóna jo wuknica.

     Jana still goes to school; she is a schoolgirl.

   do Chóśebuza ― to Cottbus

   do jsy ― to the village, into the village

   do wognja ― into the fire

   do njebja ― to heaven

• IPA^(key): /do/, [doː]
  • Rhymes: -oː

From Proto-Germanic *þar.

do

1. there, in that place

do

1. second-person singular imperative of doen

Possibly an abbreviation of "do-hūs" ("do house") from Middle Low German dōn.

do m or n (definite singular doen or doet, indefinite plural doer or do, definite plural doene or doa)

1. a toilet, or loo (UK)

• dass
• toalett

do m

1. do (the musical note)

• “do” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

From Old Norse þó.

do

1. anyhow, still, nevertheless

Possibly an abbreviation of "do-hūs" ("do house") from Middle Low German dōn.

• IPA^(key): /duː/

do m (definite singular doen, indefinite plural doar, definite plural doane)
do n (definite singular doet, indefinite plural do, definite plural doa)

1. a toilet, or loo (UK)

• dass
• toalett

For other terms please refer to do (Bokmål) for the time being.

• dodraug
• dopapir

• IPA^(key): /doː/

do m

1. do (the musical note)

• “do” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

From Proto-Celtic *tu (“to”).

• IPA^(key): /do/

do (triggers lenition of a following consonant-initial noun.)

1. to, for

• to-

Compare German da.

do

1. here

   Heit iss en Feierdaag do in Amerikaa.

   Today is a holiday here in America.

From Proto-Slavic *do, from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do.

• IPA^(key): /dɔ/

• audio

  (file)

do (+ genitive)

1. to, towards, into
2. until
3. (with deadline) by

• do in Polish dictionaries at PWN

• d'o (dated)

From Old Portuguese do, from de (“of”) + o (“the”).

• (Brazil, Portugal) IPA^(key): /du/
  • Homophone: Du
• (South Brazil) IPA^(key): /do/
  • Homophone: dou
• Hyphenation: do

do (plural dos, feminine da, feminine plural das)

1. Contraction of de o (“pertaining or relating to the”); of the; from the (masculine singular)
   • 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 184:

     Eu estava na esperança de encontrá-lo antes do jantar!

     I was hoping to meet you before dinner!

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:do.

• da (feminine form)
• dos (plural form)
• das (feminine plural form)

IPA^(key): /dʊ/

do pl

1. the

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *tu (“your, thy”).

do

1. your (informal singular)

   Bha iongantach do ghràdh dhomh. ― Wonderful was thy love for me.

• Lenites the following word.
• Before a word beginning with a vowel or fh followed by a vowel it takes the form d'.

  Bidh cuimhn’ agam ort, air d’ anam ghrinn. ― I will remember thee, thy dear soul.

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *tu (“to”).

do

1. to

   Bha e a' siubhal do Shasainn an-uiridh. ― He travelled to England last year.

2. for

   Do dh'ar beatha, dhut, dhèanainn e. ― For our life, for thee, I would do it.

• Lenites the following word.
• Before a word beginning with a vowel or fh followed by a vowel it takes the form do dh'.

  Tha sinn a' dol do dh'Ile. ― We are going to Islay.

• If the definite article in the singular follows, it combines with do into don:

  Fàilte don dùthaich. ― Welcome to the country.

• a

• an dèidh do
• 's urrainn do
• The following prepositional pronouns:

From Proto-Slavic *do, from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do.

• audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /dô/

dȍ (Cyrillic spelling до̏)

1. only, except

   ni(t)ko do ja ― nobody but me, only me

   ne jede ništa do komad hljeba/hleba ― he eats nothing except a piece of bread

2. around, approximately

   do dva metra ― around two meters

   do 5 kila ― around five kilograms

3. due to, because of

   to je do hrane ― that's due to the food

dȍ (Cyrillic spelling до̏) (+ genitive case)

1. up to, to, as far as, by

   od Zagreba do Beograda ― from Zagreb to Belgrade

   od jutra do mraka ― from morning to night

   od 5 do 10 sati ― from 5 to 10 o'clock

   od vrha do dna ― from top to bottom

   do r(ij)eke ― as far as the river

   sad je pet do sedam ― now it's five minutes to seven

   do poned(j)eljka ― by Monday

   do sada ― so far, thus far, till now

   do nedavna ― until recently

   do dana današnjega ― to this very day

   sve do ― as far as up to, all the way to

   do kuda ― how far

   do tuda ― thus far, up to here

2. before (= prȉje/prȅ)

   do rata ― before the war

3. beside, next (to)

   s(j)edi do mene ― sit next to me

   jedan do drugoga ― side by side

4. (by extension, idiomatic and figurative meanings) up to one; interested in; feel like

   nije mi do toga ― I don't feel like doing that

   nije mi do sm(ij)eha ― I don't feel like laughing

   njemu je samo do seksa ― he is only interested in sex

   nije mi puno stalo do toga ― I'm not very much interested in that

   nije do mene ― it's not up to me, it's no me to lame

From Proto-Slavic *dolъ.

• dȏl

• IPA^(key): /dôː/

dȏ m (Cyrillic spelling до̑)

1. dale, small valley

• dolìna

Borrowed from Italian do.

• IPA^(key): /dôː/

dȏ m (Cyrillic spelling до̑) (indeclinable)

1. (music) do

• “do” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• “do” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• “do” in Hrvatski jezični portal

From Proto-Slavic *do.

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɔ/

do (+ genitive)

1. into, in, to, until

• do in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

From Proto-Slavic *do.

• IPA^(key): /dɔ/
• Tonal orthography: do

do

1. (with genitive) by (some time before the given time)
2. (with genitive) till

Borrowed from Italian do.

do m (plural dos)

1. do (musical note)
2. C (the musical note or key)

• (notes): do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si

From contraction of preposition de (“of, from”) + adverb o (“in where”)

do

1. where

do

1. where

• doquier

do

1. fire

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

do

1. C, the musical note

do

1. first-person singular present indicative of dar - I give

Sino-Vietnamese word from 由.

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [zɔ˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [jɔ˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [jɔ˧˧]

do

1. (neutral passive voice marker) by

   Hầu hết các mô hình dưỡng lão đều do nhà nước bảo trợ, […]

   Most of the aged care models are sponsored by the state, […]

2. because of; due to

• (passive voice marker) bị (negative), được (positive)

do

1. though, although, even though

do

1. yes
2. indeed

• da (colloquial)
• deuaf (literary)
• dof (literary)

do

1. (colloquial) first-person singular future of dod

do

1. Soft mutation of to.

From Old Frisian thū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

• IPA^(key): /doː/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /də/

do

1. (Clay) you; informal second-person singular pronoun

   Ik hâld fan dy.

   I love you.

• dû (Wood)

• “do (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

From Old Frisian *dūve, from Proto-Germanic *dūbǭ.

• IPA^(key): /doː/

do c (plural dowen, diminutive doke)

1. pigeon, dove

• “do (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Borrowed from Italian do.

• IPA^(key): /doː/

do c (plural do's)

1. do (musical note)

• “do (IV)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Related to Persian دوغ‎ (duğ) and Tajik дуғ (duġ).

do ?

1. airan