der
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dɜː/
Audio (AU) (file)
Interjection
der
Synonyms
Etymology 2
Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Danish
Alternative forms
- dær (obsolete)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dar/, [dɑ], (emphatic) /ˈdɛr/, [ˈdeˀɐ̯]
- Rhymes: -ar
Usage notes
- Only used when the relative pronoun is subject
- Som can be used for all positions (including subject)
Dutch
Pronunciation
stressed
- IPA(key): /dɛr/
unstressed
- IPA(key): /dər/
Etymology 1
Unstressed form of daar (“there”).
Article
der
Usage notes
- Only the nominative forms are common in modern usage. Accusative and dative forms are archaic and limited to fixed expressions. Genitive forms, while still productive and regiolectal, are not part of the standardized varieties and mainly reserved for poetic and literary language. They are also found as part of surnames.
- * The current pronunciation is a spelling pronunciation. Before the word became archaic, it was pronounced with a schwa, /dər/.
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dɛʁ/
Noun
der m or f (plural ders)
- last
- la der des ders - the war that ends all wars (referring to the First World War; literally means the last of the lasts or the very last one)
Galician
German
Etymology
From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection. Compare also Old Dutch thie and Old English þē where the same process occurred.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /deːr/
- IPA(key): [deːɐ̯] (stressed)
- IPA(key): [dɛɐ̯], [dɐ] (unstressed)
- IPA(key): [də] (unstressed, some dialects, feminine article only)
audio (file) - Rhymes: -eːɐ̯
- In colloquial speech in Germany, the /d/ can assimilate to a preceding coronal when the word is unstressed.
Article
der (definite)
- the; definite article for several declensions:
- nominative singular masculine
- genitive singular feminine
- dative singular feminine
- genitive plural (all genders)
Declension
German definite articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nominative | der | die | das | die |
Genitive | des | der | des | der |
Dative | dem | der | dem | den |
Accusative | den | die | das | die |
- Old Declension
German definite articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nominative | der | die | das (older also: daß) |
die |
Genitive | des (older also: deß) |
der | des (older also: deß) |
deren or derer, also der |
Dative | dem | der | dem | denen, also den |
Accusative | den | die | das (older also: daß) |
die |
This older declension is not used anymore.
For examples see Citations:der.
Derived terms
Pronoun
der m (relative)
Usage notes
In a subordinate clause, indicates a person or thing referenced in the main clause. Used with masculine singular referents.
Declension
Declension of der | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
nominative | der | die | das | die |
genitive | dessen | deren younger also: derer |
dessen | derer deren |
dative | dem | der | dem | denen |
accusative | den | die | das | die |
- By modern grammar works it is said that derer and deren can both be used without difference.
- Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.
- Old Declension
Declension of der | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
nominative | der | die | das older also: daß |
die |
genitive | dessen older also: deß, des |
deren older also: der, dero |
dessen older also: deß, des |
derer also: deren older also: dero |
dative | dem older also: deme |
der | dem older also: deme |
denen |
accusative | den | die | das older also: daß |
die |
Pronoun
der (demonstrative)
Declension
Declension of der | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
nominative | der | die | das | die |
genitive | dessen | deren younger also: derer |
dessen | derer deren |
dative | dem | der | dem | denen |
accusative | den | die | das | die |
- By modern grammar works it is said that derer is used cataphoric, while deren is used anaphoric.
- Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.
- Old Declension
Declension of der | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
nominative | der | die | das older also: daß |
die |
genitive | dessen older also: deß, des |
deren older also: der, dero |
dessen older also: deß, des |
derer also: deren older also: dero |
dative | dem older also: deme |
der | dem older also: deme |
denen |
accusative | den | die | das older also: daß |
die |
Hunsrik
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɐ/
Inflection
Hunsrik personal pronouns
nominative | accusative | dative | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proclitic | Enclitic | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | |
1st person singular | ich | -ich | mich | meer | mer | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | -du, -de | dich | deer | der | |
3rd person singular (m) | er, där | -er | ihn | en | ihm | em |
3rd person singular (f) | sie, die | -se | sie / ihns | se | eer | re |
3rd person singular (n) | es, das | 's | es | ihm | em | |
1st person plural | meer | mer | uns | uns | ||
2nd person plural | deer | der | eich | eich | ||
3rd person plural | sie, die | -se | sie | se | denne |
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /der/, [dɛr]
Luxembourgish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /deʀ/, [dɐ]
Declension
Luxembourgish definite articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
nom./acc. | deen (den) | déi (d') | dat (d') | déi (d') |
dative | deem (dem) | där (der) | deem (dem) | deen (den) |
Declension
Luxembourgish personal pronouns
nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | |||
1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | |
2nd person singular (formal) |
Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | |
3rd person singular (m) | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |
3rd person singular (f) | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | |
3rd person singular (n) | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | |
1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | |
2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | |
3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech |
Middle Dutch
Norwegian Bokmål
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dæːr/
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dæːr/, /deːr/
Derived terms
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈdɛ(ʁ)/
Swedish
Turkish
West Frisian
Adverb
der
- there (unspecific to distance)
- Der binne trije Fryske talen
- There are three Frisian languages.
Westrobothnian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /deːr/
- Rhymes: -éːr
Antonyms
- hjär
Related terms
Etymology 2
Unstressed doublet of the previous word.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dɛr(ː)/, /der(ː)/
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