hier
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch hier, from Middle Dutch hier, from Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.
Danish
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch hier, from Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.
Pronunciation
audio (file) - IPA(key): /ɦir/, [ɦiːr], [ɦiər]
Usage notes
With a preposition, hier is used instead of dit to create a pronominal adverb. See also Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs.
Derived terms
See Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs
French
Etymology 1
From Old French ier, from Latin herī, from Proto-Italic *hezī, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyes-.
Pronunciation
- (mute h) IPA(key): /jɛʁ/, /i.jɛʁ/
audio (file)
Derived terms
See also
- veille (noun)
- aujourd'hui
- demain
- après-demain
Further reading
- “hier” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Pronunciation
- (aspirated h) IPA(key): /je/, /i.e/
Conjugation
present participle | hiant /jɑ̃/ or /i.ɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | hié /je/ or /i.e/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | hier | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | hiant /jɑ̃/ or /i.ɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | hie /i/ |
hies /i/ |
hie /i/ |
hions /jɔ̃/ or /i.ɔ̃/ |
hiez /je/ or /i.e/ |
hient /i/ |
imperfect | hiais /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ |
hiais /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ |
hiait /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ |
hiions /i.jɔ̃/ |
hiiez /i.je/ |
hiaient /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ | |
past historic2 | hiai /je/ or /i.e/ |
hias /ja/ or /i.a/ |
hia /ja/ or /i.a/ |
hiâmes /jam/ or /i.am/ |
hiâtes /jat/ or /i.at/ |
hièrent /jɛʁ/ or /i.ɛʁ/ | |
future | hierai /i.ʁe/ or /i.ə.ʁe/ |
hieras /i.ʁa/ or /i.ə.ʁa/ |
hiera /i.ʁa/ or /i.ə.ʁa/ |
hierons /i.ʁɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁɔ̃/ |
hierez /i.ʁe/ or /i.ə.ʁe/ |
hieront /i.ʁɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | hierais /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ |
hierais /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ |
hierait /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ |
hierions /i.ʁjɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
hieriez /i.ʁje/ or /i.ə.ʁje/ |
hieraient /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | hie /i/ |
hies /i/ |
hie /i/ |
hiions /i.jɔ̃/ |
hiiez /i.je/ |
hient /i/ |
imperfect2 | hiasse /jas/ or /i.as/ |
hiasses /jas/ or /i.as/ |
hiât /ja/ or /i.a/ |
hiassions /ja.sjɔ̃/ or /i.a.sjɔ̃/ |
hiassiez /ja.sje/ or /i.a.sje/ |
hiassent /jas/ or /i.as/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | hie /i/ |
— | hions /jɔ̃/ or /i.ɔ̃/ |
hiez /je/ or /i.e/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
German
Alternative forms
- hie (archaic; except in hie und da)
Etymology
From Middle High German hier, from Old High German hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r. Cognate with Dutch hier, English here, Swedish här. The predominant form in Middle High German and throughout modern dialects of High German is hie (and variants) with loss of the final -r. The form hier begins to gain ground from the late 16th century (in spite of Luther’s usage), which may point to influence by cognate Middle Low German hīr, hēr (where no r-less form seems to exist; but compare modern Limburgish heej).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hiːɐ̯/
audio (Austria) (file) Audio (file) - Rhymes: -iːɐ̯
Adverb
hier
- (location) here; in this place; refers to an environment one is currently in, or to something within reach
- Ich bin hier in diesem Dorf geboren. ― I was born here in this village.
- Setzen wir uns hier aufs Sofa. ― Let’s sit down here on the sofa.
- (location) there; right there; in that place; refers to something that is considered nearby, or can be seen and pointed at
- Die Kirche ist gleich hier am Ende der Straße. ― The church is right there at the end of the street.
- Siehst du die Wolke hier neben der Bergspitze? ― Can you see that cloud there next to the mountain top?
- (abstract) here (within this context)
- Die Frist wurde hier überhaupt nicht erwähnt. ― The deadline was not mentioned here at all.
- used with the definite article or the determiner dieser (“this, that”) to express proximity (“this”)
- Die Kneipe hier ist sehr beliebt. ― This pub is very popular.
- Hier der Stuhl ist kaputt. ― This chair is broken.
- Dieser Schrank hier ist 200 Jahre alt. ― This cupboard is 200 years old.
Synonyms
- (there): da
Derived terms
See also
Interjection
hier
- (colloquial) Used for emphasis or to call for attention, often when changing the subject
- Hier, der Markus ist doch jetzt auch verheiratet, ne?
- Hey, wait, Markus is married now, too, isn't he?
Hunsrik
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhiːɐ/
Luxembourgish
Etymology
From Old High German hera. Compare German her.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hiːʀ/, [hiː.ɐ], [hiə̯]
- Rhymes: -iːə
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hiər/
West Frisian
Etymology 1
From Old Frisian hēr, from Proto-Germanic *hērą.
Further reading
- “hier (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Etymology 2
From Old Frisian hēre, from Proto-Germanic *hūrijō.
Related terms
Further reading
- “hier (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011