se

se

1. (ISO country codes) Sweden

From Mandarin 瑟 (sè).

se (plural ses)

1. (music) A type of ancient Chinese plucked zither.

• 'e's, -es, -es', E's, ES, Es, E♭s, E♯s, e's, es

se

1. cloud

• s'n (used without a following noun)
• syn (obsolete)

From Dutch zijn (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s.

• IPA^(key): /sə/

se

1. follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's

   Dis my ouma se huis.

   This is my grandmother’s house.

From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kwe-, *kw(e)i- 'how, what'. Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

se

1. that as, when

   Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj.

   It seems to me that you need some new friends.

   Im vëlla më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri.

   My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.

• si
• sa

From Proto-Mongolic *usun.

• IPA^(key): /sə/

se

1. water

• Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu) (November 1994), “Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan”, in (Please provide the title of the work)‎, Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
• Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

se

1. that, this

   Petra eo se? ― What's that?

From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')

1. himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
2. oneself (direct or indirect object)
3. themselves (direct or indirect object)
4. each other (direct or indirect object)

The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

• audio

  (file)

se (reflexive pronoun)

1. (accusative) oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun sebe)

   myself

   yourself

   himself

   herself

   itself

   ourselves

   yourselves

   themselves

• sebe

• si

se (also s)

1. with

From Latin sē.

se

1. (reflexive) oneself

From Old Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).

• IPA^(key): /seː/, [seːˀ]
• Rhymes: -eːˀ

se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)

1. To see.

sé

1. one

From Italian se, influenced by French si, Spanish si, and Latin sī.

• Audio

  (file)

se

1. if

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

se (plural sewo)

1. law

• si

From Old Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *se-.

se

1. used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent (equivalent to one)
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:

     Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.

     We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.

2. reflexive and reciprocal: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:

     Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.

     They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.

• (reflexive): -si

• IPA^(key): /seː/

se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter C.

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.

• IPA^(key): /ˈse/, [ˈs̠e̞]
• Hyphenation: se
• Rhymes: -e

se (stem se-, also si-, and sii-, see below)

1. (demonstrative, including in Kven) it; (when the speaker does not point at the thing) that
2. (colloquial and dialectal, Kven) he, she
3. (colloquial) the (see the usage notes below)

• Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish it is ungrammatical, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite. (Compare the usage of yksi.)

(standard) Mies tuli luokseni. → (colloquial) Se mies tuli mun luokse.

The man came to me.

(standard) Luokseni tuli mies. → (colloquial) Yks mies tuli mun luokse.

A man came to me.

Irregular.

• (he or she): hän

• se ja se
• se siitä
• sellainen
• sen koommin
• sen pituinen se

• tämä
• tuo
• nämä
• nuo
• ne

se

1. that (not pointed at by the speaker)

• es

From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun). See also soi.

• IPA^(key): /sə/

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ə
• Homophone: ce

se m or f (pre-vocalic s')

1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
   1. (to) himself
   2. (to) herself
   3. (to) oneself
   4. (to) itself
   5. (to) themselves
   6. (to) each other

• Se becomes s' before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
• Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:

  Il est normal de se parler. ― It is normal to talk to oneself.

• s'en aller

• The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m', te, t', nous, vous.
• The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.

• “se” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

• es, ès

From Latin sī.

se

1. if

See the etymology of the main entry.

se

1. accusative and dative of si

• sei

From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

• IPA^(key): /zeː/, /seː/, /zɛɪ/, /sɛɪ/

se

1. she

   Se is Anke.

   She is Anke (Annie).

se

1. they

   Se kaamt ut Bremen.

   They come from Bremen.

   • 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:

     Dao gävven⁵ sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.⁶

     ⁵ gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an.   ⁶ zu ihnen kamen.

From French c'est (“it is”)

se

1. to be
2. that is (compare French c'est)
3. it is (compare French c'est)

• Use ye at the end of a clause.
• This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou (“for”) or tankou (“like”).

• sem

• IPA^(key): [ˈʃɛ]

• Audio

  (file)

se

1. …, neither (or not…, either)
2. neither… nor…

(Compound words):

• sebaj
• sohase
• úgyse

(Expressions):

• ahol a madár se jár
• se füle, se farka
• se híre, se hamva

• se-

From Esperanto se.

• IPA^(key): /se/, /sɛ/

se

1. if

   La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. ― The clerk would begin to work if he could.

   Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. ― If I could, I would buy another house.

se (plural se-i)

1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze ^{(Category: io:Latin letter names)}

se

1. it

se (third person)

1. Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.

   Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.

2. Reciprocal: each other, one another.

   Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?

3. Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").

   De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen.

   (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)

4. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".

   espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")

• (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.

  infiltrar se — “to infiltrate”

  repentir se — “to repent”

From Latin sī.

se

1. if
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:

     Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere,

     Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys,

• IPA^(key): /se/
• Rhymes: -e

From Late Latin se, from Latin sī[1], from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

se

1. if

   Se non è vero, è ben trovato.

   If it is not true, it is a good story.

2. whether
3. if only

• se non
• se non che

se

1. Alternative form of si
2. Alternative form of sé

• Used especially when combined with verbs or other pronouns.
• Becomes si when used as part of a reflexive verb.

se

1. Rōmaji transcription of せ
2. Rōmaji transcription of セ

From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.

se

1. he/she/it (absent from speaker) (3rd-person personal pronoun)

• áya

se

1. it

• seg (Sorani)

From West Iranian *spaka "dog-like, relating to dogs" (compare Old Median σπάκα (“dog”), Persian سگ‎ (sag), and Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”), a borrowing from Median), from Proto-Iranian [Term?] (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬁‎ (spā), Pashto سپۍ‎ (spəy)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit श्वन् (śvā́)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

se ?

1. (Kurmanji) dog

From Latin sē.

se

1. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
2. (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.

se

1. know
2. be able to

• https://inter.payap.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/linguistics_students/Luk_Hkaw_Thesis2017.pdf

From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /seː/

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

sē

1. the accusative of the reflexive pronoun meaning himself, herself, itself, themselves

   Sē amat.

   He loves himself.

   Necessario sē aperiunt.

   They were forced to open themselves.

   In marī sē praecipitāvit.

   He drowned himself in the sea.

2. the ablative of the reflexive pronoun meaning by himself, by herself, by itself, by themselves

• There is little distinction made between the accusative forms sē and sēsē as the two forms are used indifferently, except that sēsē is preferred where emphasis is intended (especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause).

Personal pronoun declension.

• inter sē
• per sē
• sēcum

From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).

• IPA^(key): /se/

se

1. if

Akin to Finnish se.

se

1. that
2. he

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

• IPA^(key): [sɛ]

se

1. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
2. each other, one another
3. used to form passives

• se wě

• se in Manfred Starosta (1999): Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.

• IPA^(key): /zə/

se

1. unstressed form of si

• esa
• ĕsă
• sĕ (sĕ-)
• sa (sa-)
• să (să-)
• اسا‎
• س‎ (س-‎)

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

• IPA^(key): /sə/
• Rhymes: -sə, -ə

se (Jawi spelling س)

1. one

• satu / ساتو‎
• tunggal / توڠݢل‎
• eka (eka-) / ايک‎ (ايک-‎)
• ahad / احد‎

• se- / س-‎

From Arabic سَ‎ (sa-, “future particle”), an archaism in Maltese vis-à-vis most other varieties of modern Arabic.

se

1. Indicates a future tense.

se

1. Nonstandard spelling of sè.

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

se

1. accusative of si (“they”)

• IPA^(key): /sɛː/, /seː/

From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.

se

1. so

From Old English sǣ.

se

1. Alternative form of see (“sea”)

• English: sea

From Old French sei.

se

1. Alternative form of see (“see”)

• English: see

se

1. Alternative form of sche

• “she, (pron.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 9 May 2018.

From Old French se, from Latin sē.

se

1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
   1. himself
   2. herself
   3. oneself
   4. itself
   5. themselves
   6. each other
2. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
   1. to himself
   2. to herself
   3. to oneself
   4. to itself
   5. to themselves
   6. to each other

      ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)

• Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
• Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.

• French: se

• su, sia

Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

• Stem vowel: ê⁴
  • (originally) IPA^(key): /seː/

sê

1. (third person singular female nominative) she
2. her (accusative of sê)
3. (third person plural nominative) they
4. them (accusative of sê)

• Dutch Low Saxon: zee
• German Low German: se
• Plautdietsch: see

From Latin sē.

• IPA^(key): /se/
• Rhymes: -e

se

1. reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.

From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną

IPA^(key): /sɛ/

se (present se, 2nd singular sjochst, 3rd singular sjocht, past saag, perfect sen)

1. (Sylt) to see

From Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).

• Audio

  (file)

se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)

1. to see (perceive with the eyes).

• sjå (Nynorsk)

• “se” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

se

1. (reflexive) himself; herself; itself; themselves

• Used only for the third person.

• þe (later form for se), þēo (alternative form for sēo)

From Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

• IPA^(key): /se(ː)/

se m (definite)

1. the

   se mōna.

   the moon.

sē

1. that (masculine singular form)

   Þone rǣd ġerǣdde Wīdsīþ.

   Widsith gave that advice.

sē m (demonstrative pronoun)

1. that, he (masculine singular form)

   Þā ne sacaþ.

   They do not quarrel.

• (that, he): se is normally read as sē when used pronominally.

• sēo
• þæt
• þā

From Latin sē (“himself, herself, itself”), accusative of reflexive pronoun.

• sei
• soi

se m or f (invariable)

1. himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
2. herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
3. itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
4. oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
5. themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)

• French: se

From Latin si.

se

1. if
2. then (afterwards; following)

• French: si

se

1. she
2. they

se

1. Alternative spelling of so

From Proto-Germanic *sa.

• IPA^(key): /seː/

sē m (demonstrative)

1. definite article: the

   sē māno ― the moon

2. demonstrative adjective: that, those

   Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.

• Feminine: siu
• Neuter: that

se

1. I

   se-take ― I want

• 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈseː/

sē

1. one

   Nikneki semaya se

   I want only one

sē

1. a, indefinite article

   Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit

   We saw an owl in the trees

sē

1. someone, something, indefinite pronoun

   Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati

   Someone came who said she/he knows you

   Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal

   One of you has to go to buy the food

   Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal

   My mom gave me something for you all

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɨ/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /si/
  • Homophone: si
• (South Brazil) IPA^(key): /se/
  • Homophone: cê
• Hyphenation: se
• Rhymes: -i

From Old Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

se m or f

1. third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themself; themselves

   Ela se viu no espelho.

   She saw herself in the mirror.

2. third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another

   Quando eles se conheceram?

   When did they meet (each other)?

3. second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves

   E você se diz um professor!

   And you call yourself a teacher!

4. forms the passive voice; be; get

   espantar ― to frighten

   espantar-se ― to get frightened (Literally, “to frighten oneself”)

   Da minha casa se vê o mar.

   The sea can be seen from my house. (Literally, "From my house oneself sees the sea.")

5. impersonal reflexive pronoun; oneself

   Vive-se bem em Belém.

   One lives well in Belém. (Literally, *"∅ lives oneself well in Belém.")

• When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
• (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.

  comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)

  arrepender-se ― to repent

• Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:

  O professor acalmou os alunos.

  The teacher calmed the students down.

  O professor acalmou-se.

  The teacher calmed down.

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:se.

From Old Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).

• si (eye dialect)

se

1. if (introduces a condition)
   • 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:

     Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!

     I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!

   Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.

   If you go out, take an umbrella.

   Só começaremos se nos pagarem.

   We will only begin if they pay us.

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:se.

• caso

• caso contrário, senão

From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

• Rhymes: -e

se

1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

• sine

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) si
• (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen
• (Puter, Vallader) sü

se

1. (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) up, upward, upwards

se

1. a (singular indefinite article)

• le

• IPA^(key): /se/

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

1. oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
   1. myself
   2. yourself
   3. himself
   4. herself
   5. itself
   6. ourselves
   7. yourselves
   8. themselves

From Proto-Slavic *sь.

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

1. (obsolete) this is; here is
   • 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:

     се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь

     Here lies Viganj Milošević.

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/
• Tonal orthography: se

se

1. oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself (accusative)
2. ourselves, yourselves, themselves (accusative)

• IPA^(key): /se/
• Homophones: sé, ce (non-Castilian)

From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

se m or f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

1. Third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
2. Used to form the passive voice in the third person; also used for usted and ustedes.

   ¿Cómo se llama? — “What is your name?” [formal] (Literally, “How are you called?”)

3. Used to form impersonal sentences.

   Se dice que... — “It is said that...”

• (third person (and used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’) reflexive): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
• (passive voice): Se often conveys the passive voice without any literally reflexive connotation:

  Aquí se habla español — Spanish is spoken here or They speak Spanish here.

From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).

• ge (archaic)

se m or f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

1. Used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las.

   El samaritano se las dio. — “The Samaritan gave them to him.”

• Appendix:Spanish pronouns