dir
Asturian
Etymology
From Latin īre, present active infinitive of eō; the forms beginning with V from corresponding forms of vādō; the forms beginning with F from the corresponding forms of sum.
Conjugation
infinitive | dir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerundive | diendo | ||||||
participle | m diú, f día, n dío, m pl díos, f pl díes | ||||||
person | first singular yo |
second singular tu |
third singular él/elli |
first plural nosotros/nós |
second plural vosotros/vós |
third plural ellos | |
indicative | present | vo/voi | vas | va | vamos | vais | van |
preterite imperfect | diba | dibes | diba | díbamos/díbemos | dibais/dibeis | diben | |
preterite indefinite | fui | fosti/fuesti/fuisti | fo/foi | fomos/fuemos/fuimos | fostis/fuestis/fuistis | foron/fueron | |
pluperfect | fora/fore/fuera/fuere | foras/fores/fueras/fueres | fora/fore/fuera/fuere | fóramos/fóremos/fuéramos/fuéremos | forais/foreis/fuerais/fuereis | foran/foren/fueran/fueren | |
subjunctive | present | fora/vaiga/vaya | foras/vaigas/vayas | fora/vaiga/vaya | vaigamos/vayamos | vaigáis/vayáis | foran/vaigan/vayan |
preterite imperfect | fora/fore/fuera/fuere | foras/fores/fueras/fueres | fora/fore/fuera/fuere | fóramos/fóremos/fuéramos/fuéremos | forais/foreis/fuerais/fuereis | foran/foren/fueran/fueren | |
potential | future | diré | dirás | dirá | diremos | diréis | dirán |
conditional | diría | diríes | diría | diríamos/diríemos | diríais/diríeis | diríen | |
imperative | ve | díi |
From http://ast.oslin.org/index.php?action=lemma&lemma=17232
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Occitan dir, from Latin dīcere, present active infinitive of dīcō, from Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti (“to show, point out”).
Conjugation
infinitive | dir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | dient | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | dit | dita | |||||
plural | dits | dites | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | dic | dius | diu | diem | dieu | diuen | |
imperfect | deia | deies | deia | dèiem | dèieu | deien | |
future | diré | diràs | dirà | direm | direu | diran | |
preterite | diguí | digueres | digué | diguérem | diguéreu | digueren | |
conditional | diria | diries | diria | diríem | diríeu | dirien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | digui | diguis | digui | diguem | digueu | diguin | |
imperfect | digués | diguessis | digués | diguéssim | diguéssiu | diguessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
— | digues | digui | diguem | digueu | diguin |
Derived terms
References
- “dir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- Institut d’Estudis Catalans (1995). Diccionari de la llengua catalana (4th edition). →ISBN.
German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle High German dir, from Old High German dir, from Proto-Germanic *þiz.
Pronunciation
- (standard) IPA(key): /diːɐ̯/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -iːɐ̯
- (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA(key): /dɐ/, /də/
Italian
Luxembourgish
Alternative forms
- der (unstressed)
Etymology 1
From Old High German dir.
Pronoun
dir
Etymology 2
From Old High German ir. The d- is through unetymological segmentation of the ending -t of a preceding verb (*stitt ir → *stiddir → stitt dir). This development was assisted by a parallelism with the 1st person, in which the dative singular mir is also the nominative plural (this latter development occurred for a similar reason, but was earlier and is widespread throughout High German).
Pronoun
dir
Derived terms
- Dir (singular and plural polite form)
Declension
nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | |||
1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | |
2nd person singular (formal) |
Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | |
3rd person singular (m) | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |
3rd person singular (f) | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | |
3rd person singular (n) | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | |
1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | |
2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | |
3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech |
Romansch
Etymology 2
From a contraction of Latin dīcō, dīcere, from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, point out”).
Conjugation
infinitive | dir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | dend | |||||
past particle | detg | |||||
singular | plural | |||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
present | ditgel | dias | di | schein | scheis | dian |
imperfect | devel | devas | deva | devan | devas | devan |
future | vegnel a dir | vegns a dir | vegn a dir | vegnin a dir | vegnis a dir | vegnan a dir |
conditional | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
direct present | schess | schesses | schess | schessen | schesses | schessen |
indirect present | schessi | schessies | schessi | schessien | schessies | schessien |
direct future | vegness a dir | vegnesses a dir | vegness a dir | vegnessen a dir | vegnesses a dir | vegnessen a dir |
indirect future | vegnessi a dir | vegnessies a dir | vegnessi a dir | vegnessien a dir | vegnessies a dir | vegnessien a dir |
subjunctive | che jeu | che ti | ch'el/ch'ella | che nus | che vus | ch'els/ch'ellas |
present | ditgi | ditgies | ditgi | scheien | scheies | ditgien |
past | devi | devies | devi | devien | devies | devien |
future | vegni a dir | vegnies a dir | vegni a dir | vegnîen a dir | vegnîes a dir | vegnien a dir |
imperative | — | ti | — | — | vus | — |
di | schei |
Alternative forms
Alternative forms
- (Surmiran) deir
Somali
Tolai
Pronoun
dir
- Third-person dual pronoun: they two, them two
Venetian
Etymology
From a contraction of Latin dīcere (compare Italian dire), present active infinitive of dīcō.
Conjugation
- Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | dir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | aver | gerund | déndo | |||
past participle | dito, dixésto | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | do | (te) di, (te) dixi | (el/ła) de | démo | dì | (i/łe) de |
imperfect | déa | (te) divi, (te) dixivi | (el/ła) déa | dévimo | divi | (i/łe) déa |
future | darò | (te) darè | (el/ła) darà | darémo | darè | (i/łe) darà |
conditional | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | darìa | (te) darisi | (el/ła) darìa | darìsimo | darisi | (i/łe) darìa |
subjunctive | che mi | che ti | che eło / eła | che noialtri / noialtre | che voialtri / voialtre | che łuri / łore |
present | da | (te) di | (el/ła) da | démo | dì | (i/łe) da |
imperfect | dése | (te) disi | (el/ła) dése | désimo | disi | (i/łe) dése |
imperative | — | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
— | (te) di | (el/ła) da | démo | dì | (i/łe) da |