s'
See also: -s' and Appendix:Variations of "s"
Albanian
Etymology
- Short for së (“not”) (not to be confused with adjectival article së and conjunction se (“that (as), when”)).
- From Proto-Albanian *tśe, from Proto-Indo-European *kwe (“and”). Cognate to Sanskrit च (ca, “and”) and Gothic nih (nih, “and not”).
Asturian
Catalan
Declension
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /s‿/
Conjunction
s’
Pronoun
s’ (third person)
- Elision of se before a word beginning with a vowel.
- Il s’habille. ― He’s dressing (himself).
- Il s’aime. ― He loves himself.
- Ils s’aiment.
- They love themselves. / They love each other.
- (informal) Elision of se before a word beginning with a consonant.
- Y s’bouge le cul ou quoi? ― Is he movin’ his ass or what?
Further reading
- “s'” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Italian
Usage notes
Elides commonly before i.
See also
Italian personal pronouns
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Genitive | Disjunctive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | — | me | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | lui, sé | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | |||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | — | noi | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | loro, Loro1, sé | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | ||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | ||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | ||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | ||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Manx
Particle
s'
- Present/future copula form
- S'mie lhiam shillishyn.
- I am fond of cherries.
- Shegin dooin goll dy chaggey.
- We have to go to war.
- my saillt ― please (said to one person)
- Used to introduce the comparative/superlative form of adjectives
- V'ee yn inneen s'bwaaee 'sy theihll.
- She was the prettiest girl in the world.
- fer s'gilley jeh mooinjey y vadran ― the brightest of the sons of the morning
Neapolitan
Norman
Etymology
Old French se < Latin sē.
Old French
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