te
English
Etymology
Altered from si in the 19th century to prevent having two notes of the musical scale starting with the same letter, to become ti; the vowel was then changed to 'e' to signify a flattened note.
Noun
te (uncountable)
Afrikaans
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tə/
Aiwoo
References
- Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Akan
Alternative forms
- (Fante) tse
Pronunciation
- Tone: L[1]
References
- Kotey, Paul A. (1998). Twi-English/English-Twi Dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
- Christaller, Johann Gottlieb (1881). A Dictionary of the Asante and Fante Language Called Tshi (Chwee, Tw̌i). Basel.
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *te-k(u), from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“it”). Governs the nominative determinative, due to its relatively recent use as a preposition and its origin as a shortened form of Albanian *te-k(u).
Preposition
te (+nominative)
Asturian
Basque
Blagar
References
- A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1
- The Rosetta Project, Blagar Swadesh List
- Stokhof (1975)
Catalan
Etymology 2
From Latin tē (accusative of tū), from Proto-Indo-European *twé, *te, accusative of *túh₂ (“you”).
Declension
Noun
te m (plural tes)
- the tea plant; (Camellia sinensis)
- tea; the product made from the leaves of the tea plant
- tea; a light afternoon meal at which tea is commonly served
Classical Nahuatl
Cornish
Alternative forms
- (Standard Cornish, Standard Written Form) ty
Dalmatian
Related terms
Danish
Alternative forms
- the (unofficial since 1872, but still common)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /teː/, [tˢeːˀ]
Inflection
Descendants
- → Faroese: te
Deg Xinag
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʰe/
Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch te, ti, from Proto-Germanic *ta.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tə/
audio (file)
Preposition
te
Usage notes
This preposition used to govern the dative case. It also fused with the dative forms of the definite article:
Combinations with the nominative form of the article, like *te het or *te de have never become part of the language. The collapse of the inflection system and the related demise of the distinction between masculine and feminine gender (for most speakers) has pushed this preposition into partial disuse. It does however occur in a fair number of idiomatic expressions, often with fossilized case endings, e.g.:
- te elfder ure. ― at the eleventh hour
- te eigen bate ― for one's own profit
(Elfder, ure and bate are dative forms of elfde, uur and baat respectively.)
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *tek.
Faroese
Declension
Declension of te | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n4 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | te | teið | te | teini |
accusative | te | teið | te | teini |
dative | te, tei | tenum | teum | teunum |
genitive | tes | tesins | tea | teanna |
See also
Etymology 2
Originally from Min Nan 茶 (tê), from Middle Chinese, from Old Chinese, ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la (“leaf, tea”).
Declension
Declension of te (singular only) | ||
---|---|---|
n4s | singular | |
indefinite | definite | |
nominative | te | teið |
accusative | te | teið |
dative | te, tei | tenum |
genitive | tes | tesins |
Derived terms
- grønt te
- hvítt te
- reytt te
- svart te
- teblað
- tebræv
- tekanna
- tekoppur
- temuður
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *tek, from Proto-Uralic *te.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈte/, [ˈt̪e̞]
- Hyphenation: te
- Rhymes: -e
Pronoun
te (stem tei-)
- (personal) you (second-person plural; when addressing many persons or when addressing politely or formally one person)
Usage notes
- Depending on the context, the pronoun can sometimes be omitted in written language if the text remains fluent – the pronoun is in spoken language practically always used (compare the usage of sinä, "you" (sg.)).
- When addressing politely or formally one person in a written form, it is recommendable to capitalize the pronoun Te.
- When addressing one person, the active past participle must be singular in negative past indicative, in present perfect of all moods both affirmative and negative and past perfect indicative — because there is one person addressed:
- (negative past indicative)
- (affirmative present perfect indicative)
- (negative present perfect indicative)
- (affirmative present perfect conditional)
- (negative present perfect conditional)
- (affirmative present perfect potential)
- (negative present perfect potential)
- (affirmative past perfect indicative)
- (negative past perfect indicative; note ollut twice)
Declension
- Irregular. The comitative and instructive forms don't exist; the abessive is hardly used.
- In addition to the standard set of cases, te and other personal pronouns have a specific accusative form, teidät.
Declension of te
|
Derived terms
- teititellä (verb)
French
Etymology
From Middle French te, from Old French te, from Latin tē, (accusative of tū), from Proto-Indo-European *twé, *te, accusative of *túh₂ (“you”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tə/
- Rhymes: -ə
Pronoun
te
Related terms
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Reflexive | Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | ||
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | |||
Third | Masculine | il | se, s’ | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui, soi | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle, soi | ||||||
— | on | — | — | — | — | soi | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | ||
Second | — | vous | vous | — | — | vous | |||
Third | Masculine | ils | se, s’ | les | leur | y | en | eux, soi | |
Feminine | elles | elles, soi |
Further reading
- “te” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Galician
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Hungarian
Etymology
From the same Proto-Uralic root *tinä as e.g. Finnish sinä, Mari Eastern Mari тый (təj) and Komi Komi-Zyrian тэ (te).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtɛ]
Audio (file)
Declension
Derived terms
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /te/, /tɛ/
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish té (“hot”), from Proto-Celtic *teɸents, from the present participle of Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be warm”) (compare Latin tepēns).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʲɛ/
Adjective
te (genitive singular masculine te, genitive singular feminine te, plural teo, comparative teo or teocha)
- hot, warm
- serving to keep warm
- pungent
- ardent, hot-tempered; vehement, hotfoot
- affectionate
- (of circumstances) comfortable
Declension
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | te | the | teo; theo² | |
Vocative | the | teo | ||
Genitive | te | teo | te | |
Dative | te; the¹ |
the | teo; theo² | |
Comparative | níos teo | |||
Superlative | is teo |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
- Alternative comparative form: teocha (Cois Fharraige)
Related terms
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
te | the | dte |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- "te" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- “té, te” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
Italian
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -e
See also
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Genitive | Disjunctive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | — | me | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | lui, sé | |
f 1 | lei, Lei1 | la, l', La1, -la | le3, Le1, -le | lei, Lei1, sé | |||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | — | noi | |||
second | —1 | voi, Voi1 | vi, v', -vi, Vi1 | voi, Voi1 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, -li | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | loro, Loro1, sé | |
f 1 | le, -le | ||||||||
1 | The feminine gender third person forms and second plural person forms are also used as formal terms of address referring to second singular person subjects, sometimes capitalised as Lei, Vi, Loro etc. to distinguish them. | ||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | ||||||||
3 | In informal speech sometimes replaced with gli (nonstandard). |
Kikuyu
Etymology
Hinde (1904) records kute as an equivalent of English throw in the “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɛ/
See also
References
- Hinde, Hildegarde (1904). Vocabularies of the Kamba and Kikuyu languages of East Africa, pp. 60&ndash61;. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 363. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /teː/
Audio (Classical) (file)
Coordinate terms
References
- te in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- te in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- te in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) I have not seen you for five years: quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi
- (ambiguous) everything depends on you: in te omnia sunt
- (ambiguous) the decision of the question rests with you: penes te arbitrium huius rei est
- (ambiguous) I blame this in you; I censure you for this: hoc in te reprehendo (not ob eam rem)
- (ambiguous) convince yourself of this; rest assured on this point: sic volo te tibi persuadere
- (ambiguous) the matter speaks for itself: res ipsa (pro me apud te) loquitur
- (ambiguous) be brave: fortem te praebe
- (ambiguous) your health: bene tibi or te!
- (ambiguous) a word with you: paucis te volo
- (ambiguous) a word with you: tribus verbis te volo
- (ambiguous) I bid you good-bye, take my leave: te valere iubeo
- (ambiguous) good luck to you: macte virtute (esto or te esse iubeo)
- (ambiguous) I have not seen you for five years: quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi
- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *twé, *te, accusative of *túh₂ (“you”).
Lithuanian
Etymology
Cognate with Latvian te. The interjection is identical to Ancient Greek τῆ (tê, “here!, take this!”), which Beekes derives from Proto-Indo-European *teh₁, the instrumental neuter singular form of *tód.[1] Compare Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌸𐌴 (biþē, “while”), 𐌳𐌿𐌸𐌴 (duþē, “therefore”), Tocharian A ca-, Tocharian B ce (“demonstrative pronoun”) < *tē[2], and possibly Old Armenian թէ (tʿē, “that”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /tʲɛ/
Particle
te
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill
- Albert J. van Windekens (1979) Le tokharien confronté avec les autres langues indoeuropéennes. Vol. I. La phonétique et le vocabulaire. Louvain, page 249
Lower Sorbian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tɛ]
Mandarin
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Maori
Article
te sg (plural ngā)
Determiner
te sg (plural ngā)
- Referring to a whole class of things or people designated by the noun that follows.
- Kī tonu te wharenui i te tamariki.
- The meeting house was full of children.
- Mr, mister, sir (capitalised)
- Kei Te Wharehuia, tēnei te mihi atu mō tō āwhina mai.
- Wharehuia sir, thank you most sincerely for your help.
- Used in front of another verb following a stative.
- Kua oti i a au tāku pukapuka te tuhi.
- I have finished writing my book.
- Used in front of another verb following taea.
- Ka taea e ia tēnei waiata te whakamāori.
- She will be able to interpret this song.
- Used before the names for the days of the week.
- Ā te Rātapu mātou haere ai ki Poihākena.
- We go to Sydney on Saturday.
- Sometimes used before numbers with a following noun.
- I tāwāhi a Pita mō te rima tau.
- Peter was overseas for five years.
- Used before ordinal numbers including those using tua-.
- I piki a Tāne-nui-a-rangi ki te tuangahuru mā rua o ngā rangi.
- Tāne-nui-a-rangi climbed to the twelfth realm.
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch te, from Proto-Germanic *ta.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tə/
Preposition
te
Alternative forms
- toe (eastern)
Alternative forms
- toe (eastern)
Descendants
- Dutch: te
Middle English
References
- “the, (pron.2)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 5 May 2018.
Middle French
Alternative forms
- t' (before a vowel)
Etymology
From Old French te.
Pronoun
te
- you, second-person singular object pronoun
- to you, second-person singular indirect object pronoun
Synonyms
Neapolitan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /te/
- Rhymes: -e
Coordinate terms
Number | Person | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Reflexive | Possessive | Prepositional |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | first-person | io (i') | me | mìo, mìa, mieje, meje | me, méne | ||
second-person, familiar | tu | te | tùjo, tòja, tùoje, tòje | te, téne | |||
second-person, formal | vuje | ve | vuósto, vósta, vuóste, vóste | vuje | |||
third-person, masculine | ìsso | 'o, 'u (lo, lu) | 'i, 'e (li, le) | se | sùjo, sòja, sùoje, sòje | ìsso | |
third-person, feminine | éssa | 'a (la) | 'e (le) | éssa | |||
plural | first-person | nuje | ce | nuósto, nòsta, nuóste, nòste | nuje | ||
second-person, plural | vuje | ve | vuósto, vòsta, vuóste, vòste | vuje | |||
third-person, masculine | ìsse | 'i, 'e (li, le) | llòro | se | llòro (invariable) | llòro | |
third-person, feminine | llòro | 'e (le) |
Norwegian Bokmål
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /teː/
- Rhymes: -eː
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /teː/
- Rhymes: -eː
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *ta (“to”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /te/
Preposition
te
- to
- Heom te cwæþ (He said to him).
- Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 26, 21.
- Áléfed te habbanne.
- Swt. 445, 30: 50.
Old French
Pali
Alternative forms
- 𑀢𑁂 (Brahmi script)
- ते (Devanagari script)
- তে (Bengali script)
- තෙ (Sinhalese script)
- တေ (Burmese script)
- เต (Thai script)
- ᨲᩮ (Tai Tham script)
- តេ (Khmer script)
Phuthi
Inflection
This relative needs an inflection-table template.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɛ/
Audio (file) - Homophone: tę
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese te, from Latin tē (accusative of tū), from Proto-Indo-European *twé, *te, accusative of *túh₂ (“you”).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
te
Quotations
For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:te.
Synonyms
- (yourself): se (formal)
See also
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) |
Romani
Romanian
Etymology
From Latin tē (accusative of tū), from Proto-Indo-European *twé, *te, accusative of *túh₂ (“you”).
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -e
Pronoun
te (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of tu)
Derived terms
Romansch
Serbo-Croatian
Pronoun
te (Cyrillic spelling те)
Declension
Conjunction
te (Cyrillic spelling те)
- and (following a cause; lit. and thereby, and thus)
- Poskliznuo sam se te pao.
- I slipped and fell.
- and, and then (before the last thing in order of mention or occurrence)
- U posljednjih godinu dana bio sam u Beogradu, Zagrebu, Sarajevu te Podgorici.
- In the past year, I have been to Belgrade, Zagreb, Sarajevo and Podgorica.
- Obukao sam se, izašao iz kuće, zaključao vrata te otišao na posao.
- I got dressed up, got out of the house, locked the door and then went to work.
- (Croatia) now (chiefly used in stock phrases)
- Problemi gdje god pogledaš! Te tu, te tamo!
- Problems, wherever you look! Now here, now there!
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /te/, [t̪e]
- Audio:
(file)
- Audio:
- Homophone: té
- Rhymes: -e
Etymology 2
From Latin tē (accusative of tū), from Proto-Indo-European *twé, *te, accusative of *túh₂ (“you”).
Pronoun
te
See also
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo/la5 | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Further reading
- “te” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
Sranan Tongo
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /te/
Swedish
Declension
Declension of te | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | te | teet | teer | teerna |
Genitive | tes | teets | teers | teernas |
Derived terms
- fläderte
- löste
- silverte
- tebjudning
- teblad
- teblask
- tebord
- tebricka
- tebröd
- tebuske
- teceremoni
- tedags
- tedrickare
- tefat
- tegelte
- teglas
- tehus
- tehuva
- tekaka
- tekanna
- tekittel
- tekokare
- tekopp
- tekula
- tekök
- teodling
- teplantage
- tepåse
- teros
- teservis
- tesil
- tesked
- teskörd
- tesort
- tesupé
- tevagn
- tevatten
- teveronika
Descendants
- → Finnish: tee
Verb
te
- to appear
- Och gräshopporna tedde sig såsom hästar, rustade till strid.
- And the shapes of the locusts [were] like unto horses prepared unto battle (Revelations 9:7)
Conjugation
References
- te in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (13th ed., online)
- te in Svenska Akademiens ordbok online.
Tahitian
Article
te (plural sometimes te mau)
References
- Yves Lemaître, Lexique du tahitien contemporain (Current Tahitian lexicon), 1995.
- “te” in Dictionnaire en ligne Tahitien/Français (Online Tahitian–French Dictionary), by the Tahitian Academy.
Tongan
Turkish
Turkmen
Tuvaluan
Veps
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *tee.
Inflection
Inflection of te | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | te | ||
genitive sing. | ten | ||
partitive sing. | ted | ||
partitive plur. | teid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | te | ted | |
accusative | ten | ted | |
genitive | ten | teiden | |
partitive | ted | teid | |
essive-instructive | ten | tein | |
translative | teks | teikš | |
inessive | tes | teiš | |
elative | tespäi | teišpäi | |
illative | ? | teihe | |
adessive | tel | teil | |
ablative | telpäi | teilpäi | |
allative | tele | teile | |
abessive | teta | teita | |
comitative | tenke | teidenke | |
prolative | tedme | teidme | |
approximative I | tenno | teidenno | |
approximative II | tennoks | teidennoks | |
egressive | tennopäi | teidennopäi | |
terminative I | ? | teihesai | |
terminative II | telesai | teilesai | |
terminative III | tessai | — | |
additive I | ? | teihepäi | |
additive II | telepäi | teilepäi |
Derived terms
- ajandte
- päavtote
- pämante
- päte
- raudte
- ristte
- tedote
- telikundankodvii
- telämoi
- tenkatkaidai
- tenpäluz
- tesar'
- tever'
- ujundte
- ülituzte
- šossete
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /teː/