šis
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Baltic *ši-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱi-, an alteration of *ḱe (“this”). (Note that, since Proto-Baltic *š regularly yields Latvian s, the original form of this pronoun must have been *sis; the initial š is probably the result of extension from other forms, like the masculine genitive singular šā < *syā < *siā.) Cognates include Lithuanian šìs, Old Prussian schis, sis, Old Church Slavonic сь (sĭ), Russian сей (sej), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma) (dative), Latin cis (“this side of”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ʃis]
Pronoun
šis (demonstrative, proximal) (distal: tas)
- (used as a determiner) this
- šis ūdens ir netīrs ― this water is dirty
- šī izrāde bija ļoti interesanta ― this show was very interesting
- šai miglā es nekā neredzu! ― in this fog I don't (= can't) see anything!
- (used as a pronoun) this, this one
- šis ir zirgs ― this is a horse
- šī ir vista ― this is a chicken
- šis nekā neatbildēja ― this one (= person) answered nothing
Declension
declension of šis
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
nominative (nominatīvs) | šis | šie | šī | šīs, šās | |||||
accusative (akuzatīvs) | šo | šos | šo | šīs, šās | |||||
genitive (ģenitīvs) | šī, šā | šo | šīs, šās | šo | |||||
dative (datīvs) | šim | šiem | šai | šīm, šām | |||||
instrumental (instrumentālis) | šo | šiem | šo | šīm, šām | |||||
locative (lokatīvs) | šajā, šai, šinī |
šajos, šais, šinīs |
šajā, šai, šinī |
šajās, šais, šinīs | |||||
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Related terms
- šāds
- šeit
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “šis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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