vos
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch vos, from Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fɔs/
Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic) IPA(key): /vus/
- (Central) IPA(key): /bus/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /vos/
Declension
Danish
Pronoun
vos
- (dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of os.
- 1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof (→ISBN)
- Næ, la' vos bare inte skave vos! (...) men saa øver vi vos imens! Naar han ser vos gennem Vindvet, kommer han nok herud ...
- 1973, Bent Rying, Alice Kennebo, København og Københavns amt
- Han har sæl brunget desse ur te vos; ...
- 1906, Maglekilde fortæller: humoristiske fortællinger
- Jeg ka' kons mindes een eneste Gang a' han roste vos, – de' var en Da' da han ha'de trukket vos rigtig igjennem i Geveereksersis; — — der var inte en tør Trevl paa vos, saatten ha'de vi maattet hænge i en tre, fire Timmer i et Slav.
- 1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof (→ISBN)
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vɔs/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔs
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
Noun
vos m (plural vossen, diminutive vosje n, feminine vossin)
- fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini
- red fox specifically, Vulpes vulpes
- Synonyms: gewone vos, rode vos
- fox fur
- a crafty, ingenious person
- Koen is een lepe vos, die laat zich niet in de luren leggen.
- Conrad is a sly fox, he does not allow himself to be hoodwinked.
- horse with red or red-brown fur
Derived terms
Descendants
- Afrikaans: vos
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
French
Etymology
From Old French vos, probably from Latin vostros (“your, plural accusative”).
Related terms
Possessee | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | |||||
Possessor | Singular | First person | mon1 | ma | mes | |
Second person | ton1 | ta | tes | |||
Third person | son1 | sa | ses | |||
Plural | First person | notre | nos | |||
Second person | votre2 | vos2 | ||||
Third person | leur | leurs |
- 1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
Further reading
- “vos” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Galician
Latin
Etymology
From Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /woːs/
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /vos/
Usage notes
When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).
Inflection
Personal pronoun declension.
Singular | First-person | Second-person | Reflexive |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ego/egō | tū | — |
genitive | meī | tuī | suī |
dative | mihi/mihī, mī | tibi | sibi |
accusative | mē | tē | sē, sēsē |
ablative | mē | tē | sē, sēsē |
vocative | egō | tū | — |
possessive | meus | tuus | suus |
Plural | First-person | Second-person | Reflexive |
nominative | nōs | vōs | — |
genitive | nostrī, nostrum | vestrī, vestrum | suī |
dative | nōbīs | vōbīs | sibi |
accusative | nōs | vōs | sē, sēsē |
ablative | nōbīs | vōbīs | sē, sēsē |
vocative | nōs | vōs | — |
possessive | noster | vester, voster | suus |
Derived terms
Descendants
See also
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | eius | eī | eum | eō | eius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
References
- vos in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- vos in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- vos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- vos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
- not to be prolix: ne diutius vos demorer
- picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
Occitan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vus/
Etymology
From Old Occitan vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
Pronoun
vos
- to you (second-person plural indirect object pronoun)
- yourselves (second-person plural reflexive pronoun)
Old French
Pronoun
vos
- you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre
- That you may be able to get rid of this blame
- Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)
- yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)
- you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)
- circa 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, 'Cligès':
- qant je vos voi de tel meniere
- when I see you in such a state
-
Old Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Declension
This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.
Old Occitan
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈvuʃ/
- Hyphenation: vos
Pronoun
vos
- 2nd person plural objective pronoun
See also
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) |
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bos/
- (Louisiana) IPA(key): [βos]
Pronoun
vos
Synonyms
See also
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo/la5 | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Walloon
Etymology
From Old French vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Proto-Italic *wōs.
Synonyms
- (plural): vozôtes