sin
Translingual
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-ih₂, from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth).
Alternative forms
- synne (obsolete)
Pronunciation
- enPR: sĭn, IPA(key): /sɪn/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɪn
Noun
sin (countable and uncountable, plural sins)
- (theology) A violation of God's will or religious law.
- As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.
- A misdeed.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 20, in The China Governess:
- The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.
-
- A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
- Bible, 2 Corinthians v. 21
- He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin.
- Bible, 2 Corinthians v. 21
- An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
- William Shakespeare
- Thy ambition, / Thou scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land / Of noble Buckingham.
- William Shakespeare
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
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Verb
sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)
- (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.
Derived terms
Translations
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Etymology 2
Modification of shin.
Alternative forms
- seen, sīn
Alternative forms
- sinh, pha sin, phaa sin
Noun
sin (plural sins)
- A traditional tube skirt worn by Lao and Thai women, particularly northern Thai and northeastern Thai women.
- 1992, Lucretia Stewart, Tiger balm: travels in Laos, Vietnam & Cambodia, page 25:
- These dancers with their graceful upright carriage, their dreamy distant expressions and their party sins (the women were wearing sins made of brightly-coloured silk woven in squares and broad stripes and usually worn by men) were infinitely more appealing than the younger dancers and the electronic band but, as Darachit was fond of saying and without apparent regret, 'Les traditions ne sont plus respectees."
- 2008, Robert Cooper, CultureShock! Laos: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette, →ISBN:
- After the change in regime of 1975, every woman seen in public was wearing a sin, as this was part of a dresscode favoured by the new socialist government.
- 2009, Arne Kislenko, Culture and Customs of Laos, →ISBN, page 128:
- Communism made things even worse by eliminating the export market for locally made textiles and, in some cases, prohibiting the production of silk and the manufacture of clothes. Although traditional sins were allowed, colorful ones were considered bourgeois and banned.
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Aromanian
Alternative forms
Asturian
Cebuano
Etymology
From Spanish zinc, from German Zink, related to Zinke (“point, prong”), from Middle High German zinke, from Old High German zinko (“prong, tine”), allied to zint (“a jag, point”), from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)dont- (“tooth, projection”).
Cornish
Danish
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -in
Pronoun
See also
Number | Person | Inflection | Nominative | Accusative | Possessive | Reflexive | Reflexive possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | common | jeg | mig | min | ||
neuter | mit | ||||||
plural | mine | ||||||
Second | common | du | dig | din | |||
neuter | dit | ||||||
plural | dine | ||||||
formal | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
Third | masculine | han | ham | hans | sig | sin | |
feminine | hun | hende | hendes | ||||
common | den | den | dens | ||||
neuter | det | det | dets | sit | |||
plural | sine | ||||||
Plural | First | — | vi | os | vores | ||
common | vor | ||||||
neuter | vort | ||||||
plural | vore | ||||||
Second | – | I | jer | jeres | |||
formal | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
Third | – | de | dem | deres | sig |
Fon
References
- Claire Lefebvre, Anne-Marie Brousseau, A Grammar of Fongbe (2002, →ISBN
Hausa
Hunsrik
Etymology
From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) and *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *es-, *h₁es- (“to be, exist”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sin/
Verb
sin
Inflection
infinitive | sin | ||
---|---|---|---|
past participle | gewees(t) | ||
present tense | past tense | conditional tense | |
1st person singular | sin | waar | wäärst |
2nd person singular | bist | waarst | wäärst |
3rd person singular | is | waar | wäär |
1st person plural | sin | waare | wääre |
2nd person plural | seid | waard | wäärd |
3rd person plural | sin | waare | wääre |
imperative | |||
2nd person singular | sei | ||
2nd person plural | seid | ||
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɪːn/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɪːn
Irish
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃɪnʲ/
Derived terms
Ladino
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sin/
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /siːn/
Livonian
Pronoun
sin
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Menien
References
- Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens, page 155
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch sin, from Proto-Germanic *sinnaz.
Noun
sin m or f
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Further reading
- “sin, sinne (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “sin (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929
Middle Low German
Pronunciation
- (originally) IPA(key): /siːn/
Etymology 1
From Old Saxon sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.
Pronoun
sîn
- (personal pronoun, third person, singular, masculine, genitive) of his
- lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.
- John rode Sir Zeno to Verona, to the father of his.
- lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.
- (personal pronoun, third person, singular, neuter, genitive) of it
- (possessive, third person, singular, masculine) his
- (possessive, third person, neuter, masculine) its
Declension
Personal pronoun:
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
3rd person singular | |||||
m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
n | it (et) | ||||
f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en; ehnen, ohnen, öhnen) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. |
Possessive pronoun:
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Strong declension | ||||
Masculine | sîn | sînen | sînem(e) (sînennote) | sînes |
Neuter | sîn | |||
Feminine | sîne | sîner(e) | ||
Plural | sîne | sînen | sîner(e) | |
Weak declension | ||||
Masculine | sîne | sînen | sînen | |
Neuter | sîne | |||
Feminine | sînen | |||
Plural | sînen | |||
The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period. |
Alternative forms
- sîner (for the genitive of the personal pronoun)
Alternative forms
Usage notes
- Wēsen is a verb with a suppletive conjugation based on multiple Proto-Germanic stems. For many verb forms, authors freely chose between forms based on the stems wēs- and sî-, without semantic impact. This is also true for modern Low German and Dutch. For the forms based on the sî- stem, see the respective entry at wēsen.
Navajo
Etymology
From Proto-Athabaskan *xʸən (“shaman's power, medicine, song”). Related to -YĮĮD (“to be holy”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸən (“to act as a shaman, to be endowed with supernatural powers”).
Compare Ahtna sen (“spiritual power, medecine”), Koyukon sən (“shaman's spirit”), Gwich'in shan (“shamanism, magic”), Tlingit shí, shī, shi(n) (“sing, song”), Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sɪ̀n]
Inflection
singular | duoplural | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | shiyiin | nihiyiin | danihiyiin |
2nd person | niyiin | nihiyiin | danihiyiin |
3rd person | biyiin | ||
4th person (3o) | yiyiin | ||
4th person (3a) | hayiin | ||
Indefinite (3i) | ayiin |
Northern Sami
Norwegian Bokmål
Determiner
Norwegian Nynorsk
Determiner
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.
Inflection
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | sīn | sīn | sīn |
Accusative | sīnin | sīna | sīn |
Genitive | sīnis | sīnro | sīnis |
Dative | sīnin | sīnro | sīnin |
Instrumental | sīnin | sīnro | sīnin |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | sīna | sīna | sīna |
Accusative | sīna | sīna | sīna |
Genitive | sīnro | sīnro | sīnro |
Dative | sīnon | sīnon | sīnon |
Instrumental | sīn- | sīn- | sīn- |
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *sīnaz (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive), from Proto-Indo-European *seynos (“his”), genitive of *só (“that”). Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /siːn/
Pronoun
sīn
Usage notes
Declension
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | sīn | sīn | sīn |
Accusative | sīnne | sīne | sīn |
Genitive | sīnes | sīnre | sīnes |
Dative | sīnum | sīnre | sīnum |
Instrumental | sīne | sīnre | sīne |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | sīne | sīna, -e | sīn |
Accusative | sīne | sīna, -e | sīn |
Genitive | sīnra | sīnra | sīnra |
Dative | sīnum | sīnum | sīnum |
Instrumental | sīnum | sīnum | sīnum |
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).
Determiner
sin
- that (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)
- a ndéde sin ― that pair (of things)
- Synonym: tall
Pronoun
sin
- that (as a direct object, used together with a clitic pronoun)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
- Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
- It is in the person of Christ that I do that.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
Old Norse
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *senawō.
References
- sin in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old Saxon
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.
Determiner
sīn m or n
Declension
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | sīn | sīne | sīn | sīnu | sīn | sīne |
accusative | sīnana | sīne | sīn | sīnu | sīna | sīne |
genitive | sīnes | sīnarō | sīnes | sīnarō | sīnaro | sīnarō |
dative | sīnumu | sīnum | sīnumu | sīnum | sīnaro | sīnum |
Weak declension | ||||||
gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | sīno | sīnu | sīna | sīnu | sīna | sīnu |
accusative | sīnun | sīnun | sīna | sīnun | sīnun | sīnun |
genitive | sīnun | sīnonō | sīnun | sīnonō | sīnun | sīnonō |
dative | sīnun | sīnum | sīnun | sīnum | sīnun | sīnum |
Descendants
- Low German: sien
See also
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with Old Dutch sīn (“to be”), Old English sēon (“to be”), Old High German sīn. More at sooth.
Conjugation
infinitive | sīn | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | *em, *im | was |
2nd person singular | *art | *wāri |
3rd person singular | ist, is | was |
plural | sind, sindun, *arun | wārun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | sī | wāri |
2nd person singular | sīs | wāris |
3rd person singular | sī | wāri |
plural | sīn | wārin |
imperative | present | |
singular | wes, wis | |
plural | wesad, wesat, wesath | |
participle | present | past |
wesandi | giwesan |
Scottish Gaelic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ʃɪn]
Derived terms
Derived terms
- air a shon sin - nevertheless
- an dèidh sin - afterwards; nevertheless
- cho math ri sin - furthermore
- iad sin - those
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sîːn/
Declension
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sîn/
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | sin | sinova | sinovi |
accusative | sin / sinu | sinova | sinove |
genitive | sina | sinov | sinov |
dative | sinu | sinovoma | sinovom |
locative | sinu | sinovih | sinovih |
instrumental | sinom | sinovoma | sinovi |
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin sine. Cognate with English sans, French sans, Italian senza, and Portuguese sem.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sin/, [sĩn]
Antonyms
Swedish
Etymology 1
Nominalisation of sina (“run dry”).
Noun
sin ?
- Dryness, the state of having run dry.
Usage notes
Most commonly used when referring to either milk or funds.
Etymology 2
From Old Swedish sīn, from Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with Danish sin, Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (seins), German sein, Dutch zijn.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /siːn/
Pronoun
sin c (neuter sitt, plural sina)
- his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own). (Reflexive possessive third person pronoun).
- Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan.
- He picked up his (own) mail ten minutes ago.
- Compare: Han hämtade hans post för tio minuter sedan.
- He picked up his (somebody else’s) mail ten minutes ago.
- Hon samlar sina dikter i en låda.
- She collects her poems in a box.
- Hunden tycker inte om sitt halsband.
- The dog doesn’t like its collar.
- De tog sina papper och lämnade mötet.
- They gathered their papers and left the meeting.
- Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan.
Usage notes
Declension
subject | object | possessive | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | full | common | neuter | plural | |||
1st person | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina | |||
2nd person | du | dig, dej2 | din | ditt | dina | |||
3rd person masculine | han | honom, han2 | hans | |||||
3rd person feminine | hon | henne | hennes | |||||
3rd person gender-neutral | hen1 | hen1, henom1 | hens1 | |||||
3rd person common | den | den | dess | |||||
3rd person neuter | det | det | dess | |||||
3rd person indefinite | man or en6 | en | ens | |||||
3rd person reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | |||
plural | ||||||||
1st person | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra | |||
2nd person | ni | er, eder5 | er, eran2, eder5 | ert, erat2, edert5 | era, edra5 | |||
3rd person | de, dom4 | dem, dom4 | deras | |||||
3rd person reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina |
Turkish
Vietnamese
West Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian sinn, from Proto-Germanic *sinnaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɪn/
Noun
sin c (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)
- sentence (syntactic unit containing a subject and a predicate)
- sense (means of experiencing the external world)
- meaning, sense, significance
Further reading
- “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Further reading
- “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011