last
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: läst, IPA(key): /lɑːst/
- Rhymes: -ɑːst
- (General American) enPR: lăst, IPA(key): /læst/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -æst
- (Northern England) IPA(key): /last/
- Rhymes: -ast
- (Scotland) IPA(key): /ɫast/
- Rhymes: -ast
Etymology 1
From Middle English last, latst, syncopated variant of latest.
Adjective
last (not comparable)
- Final, ultimate, coming after all others of its kind.
- 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 5, in The Mirror and the Lamp:
- Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […], down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.
- “Eyes Wide Shut” was the last film to be directed by Stanley Kubrick.
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- Most recent, latest, last so far.
- 2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8837, page 74:
- In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year.
- The last time I saw him, he was married.
- I have received your note dated the 17th last, and am responding to say that […]. (archaic usage)
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- Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely, or least preferable.
- He is the last person to be accused of theft.
- The last person I want to meet is Helen.
- More rain is the last thing we need right now.
- Being the only one remaining of its class.
- Japan is the last empire.
- Supreme; highest in degree; utmost.
- R. Hall
- Contending for principles of the last importance.
- R. Hall
- Lowest in rank or degree.
- the last prize
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Alexander Pope to this entry?)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
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Determiner
last
- The (one) immediately before the present.
- We went there last year.
- (of a day of the week) Closest to seven days (one week) ago.
- It's Wednesday, and the party was last Tuesday; that is, not yesterday, but eight days ago.
Usage notes
- (both senses): This cannot be used in past or future tense to refer to a time immediately before the subject matter. For example, one does not say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well last night: last night in that sentence refers to the night before the speaker is speaking, not the night before the "yesterday" to which he refers. He would need to say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well the night before or the like.
Translations
Adverb
last (not comparable)
- Most recently.
- When we last met, he was based in Toronto.
- Shakespeare
- How long is't now since last yourself and I / Were in a mask?
- (sequence) after everything else; finally
- I'll go last.
- last but not least
- Dryden
- Pleased with his idol, he commends, admires, / Adores; and, last, the thing adored desires.
Synonyms
- (after everything else): finally, lastly; see also Thesaurus:lastly
Translations
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Etymology 2
From Middle English lasten, from Old English lǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *laistijaną. Cognate with German leisten (“yield”).
Verb
last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)
- (transitive, obsolete) To perform, carry out.
- (intransitive) To endure, continue over time.
- Summer seems to last longer each year.
- They seem happy now, but that won't last long.
- 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, OCLC 7780546; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., 55 Fifth Avenue, [1933], OCLC 2666860, page 0016:
- Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].
- (intransitive) To hold out, continue undefeated or entire.
- I don't know how much longer we can last without reinforcements.
Synonyms
- The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. Use the templates
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to add them to the appropriate sense(s).
Antonyms
Related terms
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
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Noun
last (plural lasts)
- A tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes.
- 2006, Newman, Cathy, Every Shoe Tells a Story, National Geographic (September, 2006), 83,
- How is an in-your-face black leather thigh-high lace-up boot with a four-inch spike heel like a man's black calf lace-up oxford? They are both made on a last, the wood or plastic foot-shaped form that leather is stretched over and shaped to make a shoe.
- 2006, Newman, Cathy, Every Shoe Tells a Story, National Geographic (September, 2006), 83,
Derived terms
- cobbler, keep to your last
Translations
References
Last (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia last on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Verb
last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)
- To shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place smoothly on a last.
- to last a boot
Etymology 4
From Middle English last, from Old English hlæst (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with West Frisian lêst, Dutch last, German Last, Swedish last, Icelandic lest.
Noun
last (plural lasts)
- (obsolete) A burden; load; a cargo; freight.
- (obsolete) A measure of weight or quantity, varying in designation depending on the goods concerned.
- 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, page 114:
- Now we so quietly followed our businesse, that in three moneths wee made three or foure Last of Tarre, Pitch, and Sope ashes [...].
- 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 1, page 169,
- The last of wool is twelve sacks.
- 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, page 114:
- (obsolete) An old English (and Dutch) measure of the carrying capacity of a ship, equal to two tons.
- 1942 (1601), T D Mutch, The First Discovery of Australia, page 14,
- The tonnage of the Duyfken of Harmensz's fleet is given as 25 and 30 lasten.
- 1942 (1601), T D Mutch, The First Discovery of Australia, page 14,
- A load of some commodity with reference to its weight and commercial value.
Derived terms
Translations
References
- last at OneLook Dictionary Search
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /last/, [lasd̥]
Etymology 1
From Middle Low German last.
Noun
last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)
- cargo
- cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
- weight, burden
Inflection
Synonyms
- (cargo): ladning
- (hold): lastrum
Etymology 2
From Old Norse lǫstr
Inflection
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lɑst/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɑst
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch last, from Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.
Noun
Derived terms
- belasten
- lastdrager
- last hebben van
- lastpost
- ten laste leggen
- vaste last
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
last
- second- and third-person singular present indicative of lassen
- (archaic) plural imperative of lassen
Estonian
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | last | lastid |
genitive | lasti | lastide |
partitive | lasti | laste / lastisid |
illative | lasti / lastisse | lastidesse |
inessive | lastis | lastides |
elative | lastist | lastidest |
allative | lastile | lastidele |
adessive | lastil | lastidel |
ablative | lastilt | lastidelt |
translative | lastiks | lastideks |
terminative | lastini | lastideni |
essive | lastina | lastidena |
abessive | lastita | lastideta |
comitative | lastiga | lastidega |
Faroese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /last/
Etymology 1
From Old Norse lǫstr
Inflection
Declension of last | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | last | lastin | lastir | lastirnar |
accusative | last | lastina | lastir | lastirnar |
dative | last | lastini | lastum | lastunum |
genitive | lastar | lastarinnar | lasta | lastanna |
Etymology 2
From Middle Low German last.
Inflection
Declension of last | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | last | lastin | lastir | lastirnar |
accusative | last | lastina | lastir | lastirnar |
dative | last | lastini | lastum | lastunum |
genitive | lastar | lastarinnar | lasta | lastanna |
German
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /last/
- Rhymes: -ast
Declension
Synonyms
- (blame): baktal
Derived terms
- guðlast (“blasphemy”)
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.
Noun
last m or f or n
- load, weight
- task, duty, obligation
- tax (money)
- (emotional) difficulty, sorrow
- a unit of volume
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 1
From Middle Low German last
Noun
last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster, definite plural lastene)
Derived terms
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Middle Low German last
Noun
last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster or lastar, definite plural lastene or lastane)
Derived terms
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *laistaz, along with the feminine variant lǣst. Cognate with Middle Dutch leest (Dutch leest), Old High German leist (German Leist), Old Norse leistr (“foot, sock”) (Swedish läst, Danish læst).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lɑːst/
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *volstь.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈláːst/
- Tonal orthography: lȃst
Swedish
Pronunciation
audio (file)
Noun
last c
- cargo
- load; a burden
- load; a certain amount that can be processed at one time
- (engineering) load; a force on a structure
- (electrical engineering) load; any component that draws current or power
- habit which is difficult to get rid of, vice
- Rökning var hans enda last