po
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pəʊ/
Audio (AU) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊ
Etymology 1
From Middle English po (found also in pocock), from Old English pāwa, pēa (“peacock”), from Proto-Germanic *pawô (“peacock”), from Latin pāvo. Cognate with Dutch pauw, German Pfau. See also peacock.
Etymology 2
A diminutive of pot.
Noun
po (plural pos)
- (Britain, Australia, New Zealand, colloquial, dated) A chamberpot.
- 1988, Richard Hoggart, A Local Habitation, 1918-40, Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, page 67,
- ‘Pos’ or ‘chamber pots’ were provided under the beds.
- 1989, Leonard Woolf, Frederic Spotts (editor), Letters of Leonard Woolf, page 86,
- There are always several spitoons & pos [chamber pots] about the room & a loathesome smell of consumption, which I expect I shall catch.
- 2016, Alan Moore, Jerusalem, Liveright 2016, p. 44:
- Shaking the last few drops from off the end he looked down in surprise at the great head of steam that brimmed above the po, belatedly apprised of just how icy the October garret was.
- 1988, Richard Hoggart, A Local Habitation, 1918-40, Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, page 67,
Synonyms
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *apā, from Proto-Indo-European *e-, *ē- (“then, at that time”). Compare German ob (“if, whether”), Dutch of (“or, whether, but”), English if.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɔ/
audio (file) Audio (file)
Particle
po
- yes
- Used with the Present and Imperfect tense of a verb to show a continuous action.
It corresponds to the English "be + gerund" formation.
Amondawa
References
- V. da Silva Sinha et al, Event-based time intervals in an Amazonian culture, in Space and Time in Languages and Cultures: Language, Culture, and Cognition
Asaro'o
Alternative forms
- fo (Molet Kasu, Molet Mur)
Further reading
- John Carter, Katie Carter, John Grummitt, Bonnie MacKenzie, Janell Masters, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Mur Village Vernaculars (2012), page 50
Borôro
References
- Mônica Cidele da Cruz, Povo Umutína : a busca da identidade linguística e cultural [Les Umutína : À la recherche d’une identité linguistique et culturelle], Université Unicamp / Campinas, 2012, page 40
Chickasaw
Chinese
Pronunciation
Verb
po
Cornish
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /poː/
- Rhymes: -oː
audio (file)
Esperanto
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Preposition
po
- A grammatical particle used with quantity words to indicate rate or a distributive quantity: each, apiece, at, @
- Mi kudrados ĉiutage po 10 horoj. — I will sew 10 hours a day.
- Oni povas nokti po 6 frankoj. — You can spend the night for 6 francs (a night).
- La kurso daŭras dum 10 tagoj po 30 minutoj. — The course lasts 10 days at 30 minutes (a day).
- La komitato estas rebalotota ĉiun trian jaron po triono. — A third of the committee is reelected every third year.
- La gastoj trinkis po (unu) glaseton da vino. — The guests each drank one glass of wine.
- Ili ricevis po 5 pomojn. — They received 5 apples apiece.
- Elektu al vi po 3 homojn el ĉiu tribo. — Choose for yourselves 3 people from each tribe.
Antonyms
Galician
Etymology
From Old Portuguese poo, from Vulgar Latin *pulus, from *pulvus, from Latin pulvis (“powder; dust”), from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“flour, dust”). Compare Portuguese pó, Spanish polvo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pɔ]
Guinea-Bissau Creole
Etymology 1
From Portuguese pau. Cognates with Kabuverdianu pó.
Etymology 2
From Portuguese pó. Cognates with Kabuverdianu puera.
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /po/
Imonda
Further reading
- Walter Seiler, The Main Structures of Imonda (1984)
- Walter Seiler, Imonda: Papuan Language, page 188: "Another excellent example that illustrates the relational character of -l, is provided by po water. When po is used to refer to general water, rain or creeks it has no -l. When it refers to wound water or coconut water it does end in -l."
Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *po(ˀ) (“after, by”); compare Latvian pa-, Old Prussian po (“after, by, under”), Proto-Slavic *po (“after, by, at”). From Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó, *h₂epó (“away, from”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀢 (a-pu, “from”), Sanskrit अप (ápa, “away, off”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱 (apa, “away”), Latin ab (“from”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af, “of”). See pa-, pó- for more.
Preposition
põ
- (with instrumental case) under, beneath (movement, position)
- (with instrumental or genitive case) beside, near, along (movement, position)
- (with instrumental or dative case) expresses the direction of movement
- (with genitive case) after, following a certain time period, event; after the disappearance or loss of
- (with genitive case) expresses gradual progression; one after another
- (with dative case) until, up to a certain time
- (with accusative case) around, throughout the whole of
- (with accusative case) used to express division into equal parts
- (with genitive, instrumental or dative case) expresses the manner of an action
Lower Sorbian
Mandarin
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Middle English
Etymology
Inherited from Old English pāwa, pēa, from Proto-Germanic *pāwô, from Latin pāvō. Influenced by the first element of Old Norse páfugl.
Derived terms
References
- “pō (n.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-10-10.
Nupe
Etymology
Cognate to Gbiri-Niragu pobo.
References
- R. Blench, The Benue-Congo languages
- Samuel Crowther, A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Nupe Language (1864)
Paraguayan Guaraní
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /po/
Etymology 1
Shortened form of japo.
Noun
po
- hand.
Etymology 2
From po (five fingers)
Numeral
po
- five.
Etymology 3
Verb
po
- to jump.
Polish
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *po, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)po.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɔ/
Audio (file)
Preposition
po
Usage notes
- Dative adjectives that end in -ski for the lemma take the archaic suffix -sku instead of the usual -skiemu when used with this preposition.
Rapa Nui
Samoan
Senggi
References
- Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 113
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From pol, from Proto-Slavic *polъ. See po-.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pôː/
Adverb
pȏ (Cyrillic spelling по̑)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *po, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)po.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pô/
Preposition
pȍ (Cyrillic spelling по̏)
- (+ accusative case) for
- otići po ml(ij)eko ― to go and get the milk
- po c(ij)eli dan ― all day long
- po šesti put ― for the sixth time
- biti štetan po nekoga/nešto ― to be harmful for sb/sth
- dobro/loše po njega ― good/bad for him
- (+ locative case) over, through, across, in, on
- udariti po glavi ― to hit on the head
- sn(ij)eg je pao po cesti ― snow fell on the road
- voda se prolila po podu ― water spilled over the floor
- šetati po šumi ― to walk in the woods
- (+ locative case) by, with, through (using an intermediary or medium)
- Poslao sam mu paket po zajedničkom prijatelju. ― I've sent him a package via a mutual friend.
- po zraku/vodi ― by air/water
- (+ locative case) by, according to
- sve ide po planu ― everything is going according to the plan
- Amerika je prva država po bogatstvu u sv(ij)etu. ― America is the richest country in the world.
- po glavi stanovnika ― per capita
- živ(j)eti po principima ― to live according to principles
- po mom(e) mišljenju ― in my opinion
- po mom računu ― by my reckoning
- po meni ― in my opinion; as far as I'm concerned
- svirati po sluhu ― to play by ear
- suditi po vanjštini ― to judge by appearance
- (+ locative case) after
- po svršetku sukoba ― after (the end of) the conflict
- (+ locative case) during
- po kiši/suncu ― in the rain/sun
- po danu ― during the day
- (+ locative case) in miscellaneous senses in various phrasal constructs
- razum(ij)e se (samo) po sebi ― it goes without saying
- neka bude po tvome ― let it be your way
- jednak po veličini ― equal in size
- sve je po starom ― everything is/goes in the accustomed/usual manner
- po običaju ― as usual, according to custom
- po vr(ij)ednosti ― in value
- po svoj prilici ― in all likelihood
- po rodu ― by birth
- po naravi/prirodi ― in nature
- po toj c(ij)eni ― at this price
- po paragrafu 13 ― under section 13
- po što po to ― by all means
- po mogućnosti ― if possible
- po redu ― in order, one after another
- po mom ukusu ― (according) to my taste
- po kvaliteti ― by quality
- po tome ― according to this/that, accordingly, consequently, then
- po zakonu ― according to the law, by the law
- po duljini ― lengthwise
Particle
po (Cyrillic spelling по)
- (+ accusative case or nominative case) denoting distribution and succession; by, per, each, apiece
- Popili smo svi po čašicu rakije. ― We all drank a glass of rakija each.
- korak po korak ― step by step
- jedan po jedan ― one by one
- triput po satu ― three times per hour
- Svi smo dobili po jabuku. ― Each of us received an apple.
Swahili
Particle
po
- definite / specific locative class suffix, definite place indicator
- tupo shule
- we are (there) at the school
Inflection
Noun class | singular positive | plural positive | singular negative | plural negative |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st-Person | nipo | tupo | sipo | hatupo |
2nd-Person | upo | mpo | hupo | hampo |
M-wa class / 3rd-Person | yupo | wapo | hayupo | hawapo |
M-mi class | upo | ipo | haupo | haipo |
Ma class | lipo | yapo | halipo | hayapo |
Ki-vi class | kipo | vipo | hakipo | havipo |
N class | ipo | zipo | haipo | hazipo |
U class | upo | upo | haupo | haupo |
Pa class | papo | papo | hapapo | hapapo |
Ku class | kupo | kupo | hakupo | hakupo |
Mu class | mupo | mupo | hamupo | hamupo |
Tagalog
Particle
po
- marks respect toward the person the speaker is addressing
- Tuloy po kayo. - Come on in, Sir/Ma'am.
- Pupunta po ako sa simbahan, Inay. - I am going to church, Mother.
Tapachultec
Etymology
Lehmann considers the possibility of a connection to Zoque words for "white" (poopo).
Usage notes
- This is the form Lehmann says is given in the Sapper-Ricke wordlists; the form given in Johnston's vocabulary is poot.
References
- Walter Lehmann, Über die Stellung und Verwandtschaft der Subtiaba-Sprache der pazifischen Küste Nicaraguas und über die Sprache von Tapachula in Südchiapas (1915), Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 47, presenting the wordlists of Karl Sapper, Ricke, and Amado Johnston.
Tewa
References
- Marianne Mithun, The Languages of Native North America
- John Peabody Harrington, The Ethnogeography of the Tewa Indians
- My Life in San Juan Pueblo: Stories of Esther Martinez (uses the spelling pˀoe, and mentions a fourth meaning, "pumpkin, squash")
Tocharian B
Etymology
Compare Tocharian A puk
Umotína
References
- Mônica Cidele da Cruz, Povo Umutína : a busca da identidade linguística e cultural [Les Umutína : À la recherche d’une identité linguistique et culturelle], Université Unicamp / Campinas, 2012, page 40
Volapük
Antonyms
White Hmong
References
- John Duffy, Writing from These Roots: Literacy in a Hmong-American Community →ISBN, 2007)