per

• (UK) IPA^(key): /pɜː(ɹ)/
• (US) IPA^(key): /pɝ/

  • Audio (US)

    (file)

• Rhymes: -ɜː(r)
• Homophone: purr

From Latin per (“through, during”), from Proto-Indo-European *per.

per

1. For each.

   Admission is £10 per person.

   miles per gallon

   beats per minute

   $2.50 per dozen

2. To each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units).

   12 inches per foot

   100 centimeters per meter

3. (medicine) By the, by means of the, via the, through the.

   Introduce the endoscope per nasum.

   The medication is to be administered per os.

4. In accordance with.

   I parked my car at the curb per your request.

• In senses equivalent to "each", per is typically followed by a singular noun phrase with no determiner.

  Take one pill per day, not *Take one pill per a day.

• The common exception is its use with plural noun phrases, although these are almost always limited to large round numbers such as 100, 1,000, 10,000...

  The abortion rate in the U.S. has dropped since 1980 from nearly 30 per 1,000 women of childbearing age to less than 20.

• In medical senses, per is followed by the name of an orifice in Latin rather than English.

• (abbreviation) p, p., /, ⅌ UTF-16 0x214C, introduced in Unicode 4.1.0 (March 2005)
• an, a

• per- (as in perfect, perfection and perplex)

shortening of person, coined by Marge Piercy in Woman on the Edge of Time (1979)

per (third-person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative per, possessive adjective pers, possessive noun pers, reflexive perself)

1. (rare) They (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
   • 1997 April 22, "Anthony and Joy Hilbert" (username), "ASB: Info PDQ please re local group rules", in alt.sex.bondage, Usenet:

     This is the same place the Houghtons came from? The place where someone we interacted with thought of going into law as a profession, decided per couldn't because per was a bdsmer, and most of the USAmerican bdsmers per was discussing it with agreed with per?

2. (rare) Them (singular) Gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, grammatically equivalent to the gendered him and her.
   • 1997 April 22, "Anthony and Joy Hilbert" (username), "ASB: Info PDQ please re local group rules", in alt.sex.bondage, Usenet:

     This is the same place the Houghtons came from? The place where someone we interacted with thought of going into law as a profession, decided per couldn't because per was a bdsmer, and most of the USAmerican bdsmers per was discussing it with agreed with per?

   • 1998, Phelps, Katherine, “Odysseus, She”, in Storytronics‎:

     "Kalypso!" I call out as phe disappears on the horizon. I did not know it, but I loved per.

   • 2006 November 15, Richard Ekins, Dave King, The transgender phenomenon, Sage Publications, →ISBN, LCCN 2006920988, LCC HQ77.9.E55 2006, page 160:

     Whereas Christie had flirted with a lesbian identity prior to surgery, following surgery Christie found perself able to pursue per attraction to men, provided they related to per as a non-gendered person.

• perself

• (singular) they
• ey, e, sie, shi, ze

• (as subject): he, she
• (as object): him, her

per (not comparable)

1. (rare) Belonging to per, their (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular possessive adjective, coordinate with gendered his and her.
   • 2006, Richard Ekins, Dave King, The transgender phenomenon, Sage Publications, →ISBN, LCCN 2006920988, LCC HQ77.9.E55 2006, page 160:

     Whereas Christie had flirted with a lesbian identity prior to surgery, following surgery Christie found perself able to pursue per attraction to men, provided they related to per as a non-gendered person.

• pers

• (singular) their
• eir, hir

• his, her

• other attested and proposed gender-neutral pronouns

• EPR, ERP, RPE, Rep, Rep., pre, pre-, rep

• peru

From Latin pilus. Compare Daco-Romanian păr.

per

1. hair

• piros

From Latin pirus. Compare Daco-Romanian păr.

per

1. pear tree

• pearã

From Latin per.

per

1. by means of, by way of, by
2. for

   per trés díes

   for three days

3. through

Compare Cornish per, Welsh pêr.

per f (singulative perenn)

1. pears

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin per.

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /pəɾ/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /peɾ/

per

1. Through, via: used in indicating the medium through which passage occurs.
2. At, during, in: used in indicating the time at which an event occurs.
3. During, for: used in indicating the duration of time for which an event occurs.
4. Because, because of: used in indicating the reason an action was undertaken.
5. (when followed by a verbal noun) Used in indicating the activity one intends to do because of an action.

   El meu germà anirà a Tahití per vacar a la platja.

   My brother will go to Tahiti (in order) to vacation on the beach.

6. By: used in indicating the agent responsible for an action.
7. For each; for every.
8. A, for, per: used in indicating a rate of exchange.

• When the preposition per is followed by a masculine definite article, el (sg) or els (pl), it is contracted with it to the forms pel (sg) or pels (pl) respectively. If el would be elided to the form l’ becuse it is before a word beginning with a vowel, the elision to per l’ takes precedence over contracting to pel.

• “per” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

per m

1. bear

• Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Compare Breton per, Welsh pêr.

per f (singulative peren)

1. pears

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɛr]

per

1. second-person singular imperative of prát

per (abbreviated pr.)

1. For each; for every

   Motoren roterer 1000 gange per minut.

   The engine rotates 1000 times per minute.

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛr

per

1. For each; for every; per

   De motor draait 1000 toeren per minuut.

   The engine goes 1000 revolutions per minute.

2. by means of

   Kom je per auto of per spoor?

   Are you coming by car or by rail?

• rep

Borrowed from Latin per.

• Audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /per/
• Hyphenation: per

per

1. by means of, with

   Li skribis per plumo.

   He wrote with a pen.

• kun

From Latin per.

per

1. per

• kohden, kohti

• Audio

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per

1. per, via, by

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɛr]

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: per

Back-formation from perel.[1]

per (plural perek)

1. (law) action, suit, lawsuit

   Synonyms: eljárás, kereset

• peres

• alperes
• felperes
• pereskedik

From Latin per (“through”).[2]

per

1. per

   kilométer per óra ― kilometers per hour

2. (mathematics) divided by

   3/5, három per öt ― 3:5, three divided by five

• perjel

From Esperanto per, from English per, French par, Italian per, Spanish por, ultimately from Latin per, from Proto-Indo-European *per.

• IPA^(key): /per/, /pɛɾ/

per

1. by means of, by, with (some means)

   Ilu batis me per bastono.

   He beat me with a stick.

2. (mathematics) multiplied by, times

   Quar per kin esas duadek.

   Four times five is twenty.

   Un per un esas un.

   One times one is one.

• per ke (“through the fact that”)

• da (“by”)
• kun (“with (in company with)”)

From Latin per.[1]

per

1. for

   Ma io l'ho fatto per te! ― But I did it for you!

   Te lo vendo per appena trecento euro ― I'll sell it you for only three hundred euro

   Ho studiato per tre ore ― I studied for three hours

   Questo è il treno per Londra ― This is the train for London

2. to (indicates direction)
3. through

   Sono passato per il centro ― I passed through the center

4. in or on

   Camminava ansiosamente per la stanza ― He was pacing anxiously about the room

5. by

   Te lo invio per posta ― I'll send it to to by post

6. with
7. as

• When followed by the definite article, per can be combined with the article to give the following combined forms (old-fashioned, very rarely used):

per + article	Combined form
per + il	pel
per + lo	pello
per + l'	pell'
per + i	pei
per + gli	pegli
per + la	pella
per + le	pelle

• pro

From Latin per.

per

1. for
2. through
3. in or on
4. by
5. with
6. as

• ꝑ (Mediaeval sigil)

From Proto-Indo-European *peri. Cognates include Ancient Greek περί (perí), Sanskrit परि (pári), Lithuanian per, Albanian për and English for.

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /per/, [pɛr]

per (+ accusative)

1. through, by means of
2. during

• Eastern Romance:
  • Aromanian: pri, pi, pre
  • Romanian: pre, pe, pă, pi
• Istriot: par
• Italian: per
• Franco-Provençal: per
• Old Leonese: [Term?]
  • Asturian: per
• Old Occitan: [Term?]
  • Catalan: per
• Old French: par
  • Middle French: par
    • French: par
      • → English: par
• Old Portuguese: per
  • Portuguese: per
• Old Spanish: [Term?]
  • Spanish: par
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: par
  • Ladin: per
• Venetian: par
• → Danish: per
• → Dutch: per
• → English: per
• → Finnish: per
• → German: per
• → Hungarian: per
• → Norwegian: per
• → Swedish: per

• per in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• per in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to bring a stream of water through the garden: aquam ducere per hortum
    
  • to cut one's way (through the enemies' ranks): ferro viam facere (per confertos hostes)
    
  • to spread over the whole body: per totum corpus diffundi
    
  • to pass a thing from hand to hand: de manu in manus or per manus tradere aliquid
    
  • in a dream: per somnum, in somnis
    
  • in a dream: per quietem, in quiete
    
  • under the pretext, pretence of..: per causam (with Gen.)
    
  • when occasion offers; as opportunity occurs: per occasionem
    
  • a report is spreading imperceptibly: fama serpit (per urbem)
    
  • to be in every one's mouth: per omnium ora ferri
    
  • to pass one's life in luxury and idleness: per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere
    
  • to take a false step: per errorem labi, or simply labi
    
  • I said it in jest: haec iocatus sum, per iocum dixi
    
  • to correspond with some one: colloqui cum aliquo per litteras
    
  • apparently; to look at: per speciem (alicuius rei)
    
  • under pretext, pretence of..: per simulationem, simulatione alicuius rei
    
  • by craft: per dolum (B. G. 4. 13)
    
  • in sport, mockery: per ludibrium
    
  • men exempt from service owing to age: qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles
    
  • to transfix, pierce a man's breast with one's sword: gladio aliquem per pectus transfigere (Liv. 2. 46)
    
  • to force a way, a passage: iter tentare per vim (cf. sect. II. 3)
    
  • to break through the enemy's centre: per medios hostes (mediam hostium aciem) perrumpere
    
  • to lead some one in triumph: per triumphum (in triumpho) aliquem ducere
    
  • that is self-evident, goes without saying: hoc per se intellegitur
    
  • I have no objection: per me licet
    
• per in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

per

1. 2nd person singular present indicative form of pērt
2. 3rd person singular present indicative form of pērt
3. 3rd person plural present indicative form of pērt
4. 2nd person singular imperative form of pērt
5. (with the particle lai) 3rd person singular imperative form of pērt
6. (with the particle lai) 3rd person plural imperative form of pērt

From Proto-Indo-European *peri. Cognates include Ancient Greek περί (perí), Sanskrit परि (pári), Latin per and English for.

• IPA^(key): [pʲɛr]

per (with accusative)

1. through
2. during

From Old English pere, peru.

per

1. Alternative form of pere (“pear”)

From Medieval Latin pera.

per

1. Alternative form of pere (“bridge pillar”)

From Old French per.

per

1. Alternative form of pere (“peer”)

per

1. Alternative form of pere (“equal”)

Borrowed from Latin per (related to native for).

per (abbreviated pr.)

1. For each, for every, per.

   Motoren roterer 1000 ganger per minutt. ― The engine rotates 1000 times per minute.

   per porsjon ― for each portion

   per dag ― per day

• (for each): for hver, i, om

• per stykk

• “per” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Borrowed from Latin per (related to native for).

per (abbreviated pr.)

1. For each, for every, per.

   per porsjon ― for each portion

   per dag ― per day

• per stykk

• “per” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

per

1. by means of

• pir, poriá

Borrowed from Old Armenian փոր (pʿor, “belly, abdomen”). Doublet of pori.

per f (plural pera)

1. (anatomy) abdomen, belly

• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “փոր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
• Paspati, Alexandre G. (1870), “per”, in Études sur les Tchinghianés; ou, Bohémiens de l'Empire ottoman (in French), Constantinople: Impr. A. Koroméla, page 422

• audio

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per

1. For each; for every

   Motorn roterar 1000 varv per minut.

   The engine goes 1000 revolutions per minute.

per (nominative plural pers)

1. loss

• peräd
• perot
• perön

per

1. page