炭

See also: 灰

炭	U+70AD, 炭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-70AD

← 炬
[U+70AC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

炮 →
[U+70AE]

炭	U+2F91A, 炭 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F91A

← 灷
[U+2F919]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

𠔥 →
[U+2F91B]

Translingual

Han character

炭 (radical 86, 火+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山大火 (UKF) or 山一火 (UMF), four-corner 2228₉, composition ⿱山灰)

References

KangXi: page 668, character 24

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18953

Dae Jaweon: page 1077, character 24

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2195, character 15

Unihan data for U+70AD

Chinese

trad.		炭
simp. ^#		炭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (炭) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
炭	*tŋ̊ʰaːns
湠	*tʰaːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tŋ̊ʰaːns) : semantic 火 + phonetic 岸 (OC *ŋɡaːns).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tal (“charcoal; dust; ashes”). Cognate with Tibetan ཐལ་བ (thal ba, “ashes; dust; dirt”).

Derivative: 碳 (tàn, “carbon”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tàn (tan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): taan³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): than
Min Dong (BUC): táng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): thàn / thòaⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): tuan³
Wu (Wiktionary): the (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: tàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: t'an⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tann
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: taan³
  - Yale: taan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: tan³
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰäːn³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: than
  - Hakka Romanization System: tan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tan⁴
  - IPA: /tʰan⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: táng
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰɑŋ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàn
  - Tâi-lô: thàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: taxn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰan²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰan⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: thuànn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvoax
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰuã¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰuã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tʰuã²¹/

Note:

thàn - literary;
thòaⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tuan³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thuàⁿ
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰũã²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: the (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰe̞³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /tʰɑn^H/▼

Rime
Character	炭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他旦切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰan^H/
Li Rong	/tʰɑn^H/
Wang Li	/tʰɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tàn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tʰ]ˤa[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tŋ̊ʰaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	炭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tàn
Middle Chinese	‹ than^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[tʰ]ˁa[n]-s/
English	charcoal, coal
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	炭
Reading #	1/1
No.	12356
Phonetic component	炭
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	炭
Old Chinese	/*tŋ̊ʰaːns/

Definitions

炭

charcoal
charcoal fire
coal
coal-like substance
Alternative form of 碳 (tàn, “carbon”).
(ACG, Internet, slang, from Japanese たん (tan)) -tan

Compounds

冰炭
冰炭不洽
吞炭
吞炭漆身
塗炭／涂炭 (tútàn)
塗炭生民／涂炭生民
塗炭生靈／涂炭生灵
戴炭簍子／戴炭篓子
打醋炭
握炭流湯／握炭流汤
木炭 (mùtàn)
木炭畫／木炭画 (mùtànhuà)
民墜塗炭／民坠涂炭
民生塗炭／民生涂炭
泥炭 (nítàn)
浮炭
漆身吞炭
瀝青炭／沥青炭
火炭 (huǒtàn)
灰炭

炭化 (tànhuà)
炭墼
炭層／炭层
炭敬
炭火 (tànhuǒ)
炭烤
炭疽病 (tànjūbìng)
炭盆
炭窩／炭窝
炭窯／炭窑
炭筆／炭笔 (tànbǐ)
炭筆畫／炭笔画
炭簍子／炭篓子
炭米
炭精
炭精棒
炭精筆／炭精笔
炭精紙／炭精纸
焦炭 (jiāotàn)
煤炭 (méitàn)

熛炭
熟炭
熾炭／炽炭
獸炭／兽炭
生民塗炭／生民涂炭
生炭
生靈塗炭／生灵涂炭
白炭
石炭 (shítàn)
石炭紀／石炭纪 (Shítànjì)
紅頭黑炭／红头黑炭
草炭
荼炭
褐炭
踐冰履炭／践冰履炭
雪中送炭 (xuězhōngsòngtàn)
雪裡送炭／雪里送炭
骨炭 (gǔtàn)
麩炭／麸炭
黑炭

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (炭):

→ Japanese: 炭 (たん) (tan)
→ Korean: 탄 (炭, tan)
→ Vietnamese: thán (炭)

Others:

→ Khmer: ធ្យូង (thyuung)
→ Hmong-Mien: *thanᴴ (“charcoal”)
- White Hmong: thee
→ Lao: ຖ່ານ (thān)
→ Thai: ถ่าน (tàan)
→ Vietnamese: than

Japanese

Kanji

炭

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
Kun: すみ (sumi, 炭, Jōyō)

Compounds

炭 (たん)安 (あん) (tan'an): ammonium carbonate
採炭 (さいたん) (saitan)
薪 (しん)炭 (たん) (shintan)
炭 (たん)化 (か) (tanka)
炭 (たん)鉱 (こう) (tankō)
炭 (たん)酸 (さん) (tansan)
炭 (たん)素 (そ) (tanso)
炭 (たん)田 (でん) (tanden)
泥炭 (すくも) (sukumo), 泥 (でい)炭 (たん) (deitan)
木炭 (もくたん) (mokutan)

Noun

炭 (hiragana すみ, rōmaji sumi)

charcoal

Korean

Hanja

炭 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than)

Vietnamese

Han character

炭 (thán, than, tro)

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