あれ
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Alternative spellings | 彼 彼れ |
|---|
From older kare → are. Compound of あ (a, “that, yon”) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives).
Pronoun
あれ (rōmaji are)
- distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon
- (deictically) that one over there (far from the speaker and the addressee)
- (anaphorically) that one we both know (both the speaker and the addressee know)
- third person pronoun: he, she, it
- second person pronoun: you
- a euphemism for sex: it
Usage notes
- Indicates something far off, removed from both speaker and addressee. Contrast with それ (sore), indicating something removed from the speaker but closer to the addressee.
See also
Japanese demonstratives
| ko- “this” (close to speaker) |
so- “that” (close to listener) |
a- “that over there” (far from both) |
do- “which” (indeterminate, question) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Object | これ (kore) | それ (sore) | あれ (are) | どれ (dore) |
| これら (korera) | それら (sorera) | あれら (arera) | — | |
| Determiner | この (kono) | その (sono) | あの (ano) | どの (dono) |
| これらの (korera no) | それらの (sorera no) | あれらの (arera no) | — | |
| Kind | こんな (konna) | そんな (sonna) | あんな (anna) | どんな (donna) |
| Place | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あそこ (asoko)* | どこ (doko) |
| Direction | こちら (kochira) | そちら (sochira) | あちら (achira) | どちら (dochira) |
| こっち (kotchi) | そっち (sotchi) | あっち (atchi) | どっち (dotchi) | |
| Human | こいつ (koitsu) | そいつ (soitsu) | あいつ (aitsu) | どいつ (doitsu) |
| Manner | こう (kō) | そう (sō) | ああ (ā)** | どう (dō) |
| * irregular ** regular (long vowel) | ||||
| First person | Second person | Close to speaker | Close to listener | Far from both | Interrogative | Reflexive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | あ (a), あれ (are) わ (wa), われ (ware) |
な (na), なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) |
こ (ko), これ (kore) | そ (so), それ (sore) | あ (a), あれ (are) か (ka), かれ (kare) |
た (ta), たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) |
おの (ono) |
| Thing | こ (ko), これ (kore) | そ (so), それ (sore) | あ (a), あれ (are) か (ka), かれ (kare) |
いづれ (izure) なに (nani) |
|||
| Location | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) |
いづこ (izuko) いづく (izuku) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) |
|||
| Direction | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) |
そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) |
あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) |
いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) |
|||
| Manner | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) |
さ (sa), さて (sate) しか (shika) |
いか (ika) | ||||
| Time | いつ (itsu) |
Pronunciation
Etymology 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of あれ – see the following entry at 荒れ. |
| (This term, あれ, is a hiragana spelling of 荒れ.) |
Etymology 4
| Alternative spellings | 吾 我 |
|---|
The long form of あ (a, “I, me”). From あ (a) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix)
Fell into disuse in roughly the Heian period,[1] when it was replaced by われ (ware).
Pronoun
あれ (rōmaji are)
- (obsolete) first-person personal pronoun: I, me
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Yume no Ukihashi)
- ...と、聞こえ動かして、几帳のもとに、おし寄せたてまつりたれば、あれにもあらず、居給へるけはい...
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Yume no Ukihashi)
References
- Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Man’yōshū 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1999, ISBN 978-4-00-240001-3.
- Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, ISBN 978-4-00-240003-7.
- Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man’yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2003, ISBN 978-4-00-240004-4.
- Yamagishi, Tokuhei (1963) Koten Bungaku Taikei 14: Genji Monogatari 5 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-0006-0018-4
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