堆

堆	U+5806, 堆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5806

← 堅
[U+5805]

CJK Unified Ideographs

堇 →
[U+5807]

Translingual

Han character

堆 (radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土人土 (GOG), four-corner 4011₄, composition ⿰土隹)

References

KangXi: page 232, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5211

Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 6

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 454, character 4

Unihan data for U+5806

Chinese

simp. and trad.		堆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (隹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
蜼	lus, rulʔ, *luls
堆	*tuːl
嵟	*tuːl
碓	*tuːls
推	tʰuːl, tʰjul
蓷	tʰuːl, tʰjul
陮	*duːlʔ
魋	*duːl
嶊	*stuːlʔ
崔	zluːl, sʰluːl
猚	ŋreːl, rulʔ
椎	*dul
顀	*dul
隹	*tjul
錐	*tjul
萑	*kljul
騅	*tjul
鵻	sɢʷinʔ, tjul
誰	*djul
脽	*djul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tuːl) : semantic 土 + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): duī (dui¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄟ
Cantonese (Jyutping): deoi¹, zeoi¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tôi
Min Bei (KCR): dó
Min Dong (BUC): dŏi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tui / tu

(Teochew, Peng'im): dui¹ / du¹
Wu (Wiktionary): te (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: duī
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄟ
  - Wade–Giles: tui¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duei
  - IPA ^(key): /tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: deoi¹, zeoi¹
  - Yale: dēui, jēui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: doey¹, dzoey¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dêu¹, zêu¹
  - IPA ^(key): /tɵy̯⁵⁵/, /t͡ʃɵy̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tôi
  - Hakka Romanization System: doi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: doi¹
  - IPA: /toi̯²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dó
  - IPA ^(key): /to⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dŏi
  - IPA ^(key): /tøy⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tui / tu
  - Tâi-lô: tui / tu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: duy, dw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tui⁴⁴/, /tu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tui³³/, /tu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tui⁴⁴/, /tu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tui⁴⁴/, /tu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tui⁴⁴/, /tu⁴⁴/

Note:

tui - literary;
tu - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dui¹ / du¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tui / tu
  - IPA ^(key): /tui³³/, /tu³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: te (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /te̞⁵³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 堆
Mandarin	Beijing	/tuei⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/tuei⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/tuei²¹/
	Jinan	/tuei²¹³/ /t͡suei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tue²¹³/ /t͡sue²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/tuei²⁴/
	Xi'an	/tuei²¹/
	Xining	/tuɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/tuei⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/tuei³¹/
	Ürümqi	/tuei⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/tei⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/tuei⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/tuei⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/tuei⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/tuəi³¹/
	Hefei	/te²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tuei¹¹/ /t͡suei¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡suei¹³/ /tuæ¹³/
	Hohhot	/tuei³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/te⁵³/
	Suzhou	/te̞⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/tui³³/
	Wenzhou	/tai³³/
Hui	Shexian	/tɛ³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/tə¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/tei³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/təi³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/tui⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/toi⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/toi²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tøy⁵³/
	Nanning	/tui⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/tøy⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tui⁵⁵/ /tu⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tøy⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/to⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/tui³³/ /tu³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔdui²³/

Middle Chinese: /tuʌi/▼

Rime
Character	堆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都回切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/tuoi/
Shao Rongfen	/tuɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/twəj/
Li Rong	/tuᴀi/
Wang Li	/tuɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	duī

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.tˤuj/

(Zhengzhang): /*tuːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	堆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	duī
Middle Chinese	‹ twoj ›
Old Chinese	/*C.tˁuj/
English	heap; mound
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堆
Reading #	1/1
No.	17705
Phonetic component	隹
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	磓
Old Chinese	/*tuːl/
Notes	見史記

Definitions

堆

heap; pile; mound
to pile up; to stack up
Classifier for objects organised in piles.
一堆垃圾 ― yī duī lājī ― a pile of trash
mound (usually in placenames)

Compounds

一堆 (yīduī)
三堆河 (Sānduīhé)
估堆兒／估堆儿
吉丟古堆／吉丢古堆
土堆
垃圾堆 (lājīduī)
堆下笑
堆垛
堆堆
堆子
堆山塞海
堆摞
堆放
堆棧／堆栈
堆滿／堆满
堆焊
堆疊／堆叠 (duīdié)
堆砌 (duīqì)
堆碼／堆码
堆積／堆积 (duījī)
堆積如山／堆积如山 (duījīrúshān)
堆積平原／堆积平原

堆笑
堆紅／堆红
堆絹／堆绢
堆繡／堆绣
堆置
堆肥 (duīféi)
堆花
堆花燒酒／堆花烧酒
堆豗
堆貨／堆货
堆貯／堆贮
堆金
堆金積玉／堆金积玉
堆集
堆鴉／堆鸦
大堆
大陸隆堆／大陆隆堆
孤堆
扎堆 (zhāduī)
打灰堆
撲堆／扑堆
故紙堆／故纸堆

是非堆
末子堆
桑堆 (Sāngduī)
歸裡包堆／归里包堆
泥堆
滿臉堆笑／满脸堆笑
滿面堆笑／满面堆笑
灩澦堆／滟滪堆
狗屎堆 (gǒushǐduī)
瓊堆玉砌／琼堆玉砌
白龍堆／白龙堆
盤堆／盘堆
積玉堆金／积玉堆金
纍堆／累堆
草堆 (cǎoduī)
送作堆
離堆山／离堆山
雷堆
馬王堆／马王堆 (Mǎwángduī)
鬢若堆鴉／鬓若堆鸦
魁堆

Japanese

Kanji

堆

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: たい (tai, Jōyō); て (te)
Kan-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: つい (tsui)
Kun: うずたかい (uzutakai, 堆い)

Compounds

堆積 (たいせき) (taiseki)
堆 (たい)肥 (ひ) (taihi)

Korean

Hanja

堆 • (toe) (hangeul 퇴, revised toe, McCune–Reischauer t'oe)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

堆 (đôi, chui, đồi, doi, nhoi, duôi, đòi)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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