堇

See also: 菫, 暵, and 𦰌
堇 U+5807, 堇
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5807
← 堆
[U+5806] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 堈 →
[U+5808]

Translingual

Han character

堇 (radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿中手一 (TLQM), four-corner 44104, composition ⿱廿⿻口龶)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 232, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5212
  • Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 450, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5807

Chinese

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
囏 *krɯːn
螼 *kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇 *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐 *ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊 *ɡrɯn
僅 *ɡrɯns
瑾 *ɡrɯns
覲 *ɡrɯns
殣 *ɡrɯns
饉 *ɡrɯns
廑 *ɡrɯns
瘽 *ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏 *ɡrɯns
鄞 *ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹 *kɯnʔ
槿 *kɯnʔ
漌 *kɯnʔ
慬 *kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤 *ɡɯn
懃 *ɡɯn
懄 *ɡɯn

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 堇

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 堇
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 眞 (44)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 巨巾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɡˠiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɡᵚin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɡien/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /gjin/
Li
Rong		 /ɡjĕn/
Wang
Li		 /ɡǐĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /gi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qín
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 堇
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qín
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ gin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]rə[r]/
English clay

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 堇
Reading # 1/2
No. 6731
Phonetic
component		 堇
Rime
group		 文
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 𥎊
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡrɯn/
Notes 甲金文象人交手恭立爲覲初文，
再加土爲堇墐

Definitions

堇

  1. clay

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 堇 – see 蓳 (“Viola verecunda, a kind of violet.”).
(This character, 堇, is a variant form of 蓳.)

Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 堇 – see 僅 (“only; merely; etc.”).
(This character, 堇, is an ancient form of 僅.)

Compounds
  • 堇堇

Japanese

Kanji
堇

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings
  • On (unclassified): きん (kin)
  • Kun: すみれ (sumire)

Korean

Hanja

堇 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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