史

See also: 吏 and 更
史 U+53F2, 史
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F2
← 叱
[U+53F1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 右 →
[U+53F3]

Translingual

Han character

史 (radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中大 (LK), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻口乂)

References
  • KangXi: page 173, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3249
  • Dae Jaweon: page 384, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 571, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+53F2

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 史
variant forms 㕜

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 史
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (史) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
吏 *rɯs
倳 *ʔsrɯs
剚 *ʔsrɯs
事 *ʔsrɯs, *zrɯs
史 *srɯʔ
使 *srɯʔ, *srɯs
駛 *srɯʔ, *srɯs

Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a fountain pen resembling 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)

Etymology
"to send, to employ, to cause"
Causative derivation of 理 (OC rəʔ) "envoy (Zuo)" , "jail-official" (Guanzi), "marriage go-between", which is perhaps the same word as 理 (OC rəʔ) "to administer" (Schuessler 2007); the sense "scribe, historian" is derived from this.
"scribe, historian"
Possibly from Austroasiatic; Schuessler (2007) compared 理 (lǐ), 吏 (lì, “official”), 史 (shǐ, “scribe, historian”), and 使 (shǐ, “ambassador”) to Old Khmer re (“to move, change position”) & its derivatives Old Khmer pre (“to send, order, assign, appoint, delegate, use, employ, make”), in turn related to paṃre (“to serve; service, duty; servant, delegate, representative, minister”); with Sino-Tibetan causative *s- corresponding to Khmer causative *p-.
Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) "scribe, secretary" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) "to mark, to draw lines", which is cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”) yet apparently never meant "to write, to record".

Pronunciation
Note:
  • sír/sú/sí - literary;
  • sái - vernacular.
Note: su2 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
Rime
Character 史
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 踈士切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂɨX/
Li
Rong		 /ʃiəX/
Wang
Li		 /ʃĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shǐ
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 史
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sriX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-rəʔ/
English scribe

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 史
Reading # 1/1
No. 11487
Phonetic
component		 史
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 史
Old
Chinese		 /*srɯʔ/

Definitions

史

  1. history
  2. (historical or archaic) historian
  3. (historical) scribe
  4. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 史

Japanese

Kanji
史

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. record, recording
  2. history

Readings
  • Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • On: じ (ji)
  • Kun: ふひと (fuhito, 史); ふびと (fubito, 史); ふみ (fumi, 史); さかん (sakan)

Proper noun

史 (hiragana ひろし, rōmaji Hiroshi)

  1. A male given name

Korean

Hanja

史 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

史 (sử)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.