U+4E8B, 事
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E8B

[U+4E8A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E8C]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

(radical 6, +7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十中中弓 (JLLN), four-corner 50007, composition ⿻⿱𠮛)

Derived characters

  • , 𠶝, 𢜝, 𣓊, 𧨴, 𨧫(𬭑), 𫻋, , 𫻐, , 𠡯, 𠄜, 𡸪, 𠡸

References

Wikidata

  • KangXi: page 85, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 241
  • Dae Jaweon: page 174, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 23, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E8B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
variant forms
𠭆

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*rɯs
*ʔsrɯs
*ʔsrɯs
*ʔsrɯs, *zrɯs
*srɯʔ
使 *srɯʔ, *srɯs
*srɯʔ, *srɯs

Ideogrammic compound (會意) :  (hand) +  (flag or hunting weapon) – flag or hunting weapon in hand > to perform one's job. Compare , .

Etymology

Exopassive of (OC *zrɯʔ, “to give or carry out an assignment; to serve”), literally “what has been assigned” (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1


Note: se/sê4 - “work”.
Note:
  • dī, si̿ - vernacular;
  • sū - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: sê̤ṳ / dâi
      • IPA (key): /søy²⁴²/, /tɑi²⁴²/
Note:
  • sê̤ṳ - literary;
  • dâi - vernacular.
Note:
  • sū/sīr/sǐr/sī - literary;
  • tāi - vernacular (usually written ).
Note: se6 - “to serve”.
Note:
  • sr5 - vernacular;
  • sr4 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Tianjin /sz̩⁵³/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩²¹/
Qingdao /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩³¹²/
Xi'an /sz̩⁴⁴/
Xining /sz̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /sz̩²¹³/
Wuhan /sz̩³⁵/
Chengdu /sz̩¹³/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹³/
Kunming /sz̩²¹²/
Nanjing /sz̩⁴⁴/
Hefei /sz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /sz̩⁴⁵/
Pingyao /sz̩³⁵/
Hohhot /sz̩⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hangzhou /zz̩¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩²²/
Hui Shexian /sz̩²²/
Tunxi /sz̩¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sz̩⁵⁵/
/sz̩¹¹/
Xiangtan /sz̩²¹/
Gan Nanchang /sz̩²¹/
Hakka Meixian /sz̩⁵³/
Taoyuan /sï⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /si²²/
Nanning /sz̩²²/
Hong Kong /si²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /su²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /søy²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /su⁴⁴/
/si³³/
/ti⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sɯ³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /si³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (20)
Final () (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʒɨH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɖ͡ʐɨH/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʒieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɖ͡ʐɨH/
Li
Rong
/d͡ʒiəH/
Wang
Li
/d͡ʒĭəH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɖ͡ʐʱiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhì
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shì
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzriH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[m-s-]rəʔ-s/
English serve; service, affair

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 11486
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*zrɯs/
Notes

Definitions

  1. thing; matter (Classifier: m c;  m)
  2. task; work; job; career
  3. misfortune; mishap; accident; incident
  4. (dialectal Hakka, Min Bei) speech; words; language
  5. to serve; to attend to someone
  6. (Beijing, erhua-ed) fussy; pernickety; troublesome
    /    Tā zhè rén tè shìr.   He is a very fussy person.
  7. 27th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "duties" (𝌠)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 事情 (“affair; matter”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 事情
Mandarin Beijing 事兒
Taiwan
Jinan 事兒
Xi'an 事情,
Wuhan 事情,
Chengdu 事情,
Yangzhou 事情,
Hefei
Cantonese Guangzhou , 事幹
Hong Kong , 事幹
Yangjiang , 事幹
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian 事情,
Jin Taiyuan 事情,
Min Bei Jian'ou
Min Dong Fuzhou 事計,
Min Nan Xiamen 代誌
Quanzhou 代誌
Zhangzhou 代誌
Taipei 代誌
Kaohsiung 代誌
Tainan 代誌
Taichung 代誌
Wuqi 代誌
Hsinchu 代誌
Taitung 代誌
Lukang 代誌
Yilan 代誌
Magong 代誌
Penang 代誌
Singapore 代誌
Philippines (Manila) 代誌
Chaozhou
Wu Shanghai 事體
Suzhou 事體
Wenzhou 事幹
Xiang Changsha 路徑, , 路子徑, 路子,
Shuangfeng 道路,

Compounds

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (18)
Final () (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ʃɨH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈ͡ʂɨH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ʃieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈ͡ʂɨH/
Li
Rong
/t͡ʃiəH/
Wang
Li
/t͡ʃĭəH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʈ͡ʂiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhì
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 11485
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔsrɯs/
Notes

Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (, “to establish”).
  2. Alternative form of (, “to stab”).

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

As an alternative form of and :

Compounds

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Cognate with (koto, word). Possibly cognate with Korean (geot).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) [kòtóꜜ] (Odaka – [o])
  • IPA(key): [ko̞to̞]

Alternative forms

Noun

(hiragana こと, katakana コト, rōmaji koto)

  1. broadly, any abstract thing, affair, matter, or fact
    1. a thing, occasion, circumstances, detail, particular
      些細 (ささい) (こと)だ。
      Sasai na koto da.
      It is a trivial matter.
      いやしくもなすに () (こと)なら (りっ) ()にやるだけの () ()がある。
      Iyashiku mo nasu ni taru koto nara rippa ni yaru dake no kachi ga aru.
      If a thing is worth doing at all, it is worth doing well.
    2. act of (word used for the nominalization of verbs, adjectives, or phrases)
      ある (てい) ()まで (わたし)はあなたの () (こと) (さん) (せい)です。
      Aru teido made watashi wa anata no iu koto ni sansei desu.
      I agree with what you say to some extent.
    3. (by extension) experience, having been or done (used with ある, ga aru)
       (きょう) () ()った (こと) ()りますか。
      Kyōto ni itta koto ga arimasu ka.
      Have you ever been to Kyoto?
       (かれ) (がっ) (こう)遅刻 (ちこく)する (こと) ()る。
      Kare wa gakkō ni chikoku suru koto ga aru.
      He is sometimes late for school.
    4. event of special importance: affair, something, incident, case, occurrence, trouble
      大変 (たいへん) (こと) ()こった。
      Taihen na koto ga okotta.
      A terrible accident occurred.
    5. business matters, affairs, business, work, duty
       (あわ)てて (こと) (はこ)ぶとミスをしますよ。
      Awatete koto o hakobu to misu o shimasu yo.
      You make mistakes if you do things in a hurry.

Usage notes

  • This term is often spelled in hiragana. (koto) is used for abstract things, such as an action or concept. (mono) is used for more concrete things, such as physical objects.
  • This is an example of a word that can be spelled with katakana to convey an informal conversational tone, as コト.

Phrases

References

  • 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), chief ed. 大漢和辞典 (Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, “Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan.

Korean

Hanja

(sa) (hangeul )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: sự[1][2][3][4][5]
: Nôm readings: sự[1][2][4][6], [3]

  1. Hán tự form of sự (deed; act; occurence).
  2. Nôm form of (to leak out, to escape).

Compounds

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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