事
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Translingual
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Han character
事 (radical 6, 亅+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十中中弓 (JLLN), four-corner 50007, composition ⿻⿱𠮛⿻コ一亅)
References
- KangXi: page 85, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 241
- Dae Jaweon: page 174, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 23, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4E8B
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
事 | |
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| variant forms | 亊 𠭆 | |
Glyph origin
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (史) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 吏 | *rɯs |
| 倳 | *ʔsrɯs |
| 剚 | *ʔsrɯs |
| 事 | *ʔsrɯs, *zrɯs |
| 史 | *srɯʔ |
| 使 | *srɯʔ, *srɯs |
| 駛 | *srɯʔ, *srɯs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 又 (“hand”) + 中 (“flag or hunting weapon”) – flag or hunting weapon in hand > to perform one's job. Compare 史, 吏.
Etymology
Exopassive of 士 (OC *zrɯʔ, “to give or carry out an assignment; to serve”), literally “what has been assigned” (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
事
- thing; matter (Classifier: 件 m c; 樁／桩 m)
- 耶和華神對女人說，你作的是什麼事呢？女人說，那蛇引誘我，我就吃了。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 2:7
- Yēhéhuá shén duì nǚrén shuō, nǐ zuò de shì shénme shì ne? Nǚrén shuō, nà shé yǐnyòu wǒ, wǒ jiù chī le. [Pinyin]
- And the Lord God said unto the woman, What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat.
耶和华神对女人说，你作的是什么事呢？女人说，那蛇引诱我，我就吃了。 [MSC, simp.]- 今日我們傳你來，有遵旨問你的事。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18th century CE
- Jīnrì wǒmen chuán nǐ lái, yǒu zūnzhǐ wèn nǐ de shì. [Pinyin]
- We called you here today, because we'd like to follow the emperor's order and ask you some questions.
今日我们传你来，有遵旨问你的事。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- task; work; job; career
- 茅盾的一個親戚，想到我在教書的教會學校裡來找事做了。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1935 April, 魏金枝, 《再說“賣文”》, in 《文飯小品》, issue 3
- Máo Dùn de yīge qīnqī, xiǎng dào wǒ zài jiāoshū de jiàohuì xuéxiào lǐ lái zhǎo shì zuò le. [Pinyin]
- A relative of Mao Dun would like to find work in the Catholic school that I teach at.
茅盾的一个亲戚，想到我在教书的教会学校里来找事做了。 [MSC, simp.]
- misfortune; mishap; accident; incident
- (dialectal Hakka, Min Bei) speech; words; language
- to serve; to attend to someone
- 李嶠，字巨山，趙州贊皇人。早孤，事母孝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The New Book of Tang, 1060CE (Song dynasty)
- Lǐ Qiáo, zì Jùshān, Zhàozhōu Zànhuáng rén. Zǎo gū, shì mǔ xiào. [Pinyin]
- Li Qiao, courtesy name Jushan, was a native of Zanhuang, Zhaozhou. His father died when he was young, and he served his mother with filial piety.
李峤，字巨山，赵州赞皇人。早孤，事母孝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Beijing, erhua-ed) fussy; pernickety; troublesome
- 27th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "duties" (𝌠)
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 事情 (“affair; matter”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 事情 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 事兒 |
| Taiwan | 事 | |
| Jinan | 事兒 | |
| Xi'an | 事情, 事 | |
| Wuhan | 事情, 事 | |
| Chengdu | 事情, 事 | |
| Yangzhou | 事情, 事 | |
| Hefei | 事 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 事, 事幹 |
| Hong Kong | 事, 事幹 | |
| Yangjiang | 事, 事幹 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 事 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 事情, 事 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 事情, 事 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 事 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 事計, 事 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 代誌 |
| Quanzhou | 代誌 | |
| Zhangzhou | 代誌 | |
| Taipei | 代誌 | |
| Kaohsiung | 代誌 | |
| Tainan | 代誌 | |
| Taichung | 代誌 | |
| Wuqi | 代誌 | |
| Hsinchu | 代誌 | |
| Taitung | 代誌 | |
| Lukang | 代誌 | |
| Yilan | 代誌 | |
| Magong | 代誌 | |
| Penang | 代誌 | |
| Singapore | 代誌 | |
| Philippines (Manila) | 代誌 | |
| Chaozhou | 事 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 事體 |
| Suzhou | 事體 | |
| Wenzhou | 事幹 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 路徑, 路, 路子徑, 路子, 事 |
| Shuangfeng | 道路, 事 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 事
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Pronunciation 2
Japanese
Readings
- Go-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: し (shi)
- Kan’yō-on: ず (zu, Jōyō, uncommon)
- Kun: こと (koto, 事, Jōyō); つかう (tsukau, 事う)←つかふ (tukafu, historical); つかえる (tsukaeru, 事える)←つかへる (tukaferu, historical)
- Nanori: ろ (ro)
As an alternative form of 倳 and 剚:
Compounds
Compounds
- 事案 (jian, “a concern”)
- 事宜 (jigi, “a fitting thing”)
- 事業 (jigyō, “a project, an enterprise”)
- 事局 (jikyoku, “circumstances”)
- 事件 (jiken, “an event, an affair”)
- 事故 (jiko, “an accident, an incident”)
- 事後 (jigo, “after-, post-, after the fact”)
- 事項 (jikō, “matters, articles”)
- 事実 (jijitsu, “a fact, the truth, actuality”)
- 事々物々 (jijibutsubutsu), 事事物物 (jijibutsubutsu, “everything”)
- 事象 (jishō, “an event, a phenomenon”)
- 事情 (jijō, “circumstances, consideration”)
- 事績 (jiseki, “an achievement, an exploit”)
- 事迹 (jiseki), 事跡 (jiseki), 事蹟 (jiseki, “evidence, trace”)
- 事前 (jizen, “prior, beforehand”)
- 事相 (jisō, “an aspect, a phase”)
- 事態 (jitai), 事体 (jitai, “a situation, a state of affairs”)
- 事大 (jidai, “subservient to the stronger”)
- 事典 (jiten, “an encyclopedia”)
- 事犯 (jihan, “a crime”)
- 事物 (jibutsu, “things, affairs”)
- 事変 (jihen, “an accident, a disaster”)
- 事務 (jimu, “business, clerical work”)
- 事務室 (jimushitsu, “an office”)
- 事由 (jiyū, “a reason, a cause”)
- 事理 (jiri, “a reason, facts”)
- 事例 (jirei, “an example, a precedent”)
- 火事 (kaji, “a fire, a conflagration”)
- 家事 (kaji, “household affairs”)
- 幹事 (kanji, “a manager, an organizer”)
- 記事 (kiji, “a news article, a news story”)
- 軍事 (gunji, “military affairs”)
- 刑事 (keiji, “a police detective”)
- 工事 (kōji, “construction”)
- 食事 (shokuji, “a meal”)
- 人事 (jinji, “personnel, human resources”)
- 知事 (chiji, “a prefectural governor”)
- 判事 (hanji, “a judge”)
- 人事 (hitogoto, “other people's affairs, other people's business”)
- 無事 (buji, “safety, peace”)
- 返事 (henji, “an answer, a reply”)
- 房事 (bōji, “sex, lovemaking”)
- 物事 (monogoto, “things, everything”)
- 用事 (yōji, “things to do”)
- 理事 (riji, “a director, a trustee”)
- 領事 (ryōji, “a consul”)
- 事新しい (koto atarashī, “new”)
- 事誤り (koto ayamari, “getting one's facts wrong”)
- 事改めて (koto aratamete, “anew”)
- 事欠く (kotokaku, “to lack something”)
- 事柄 (kotogara, “a matter, a thing”)
- 事切れる (koto kireru, “to expire, to die”)
- 事々 (kotogoto), 事事 (kotogoto, “everything”)
- 事々しい (kotogotoshī), 事事しい (kotogotoshī, “bombastic”)
- 事細か (koto komaka, “detailed”)
- 事立てる (kotodateru, “to do something different”)
- 事足りる (koto tariru, “to suffice, to be sufficient”)
- 事足る (koto taru, “to suffice, to be enough”)
- 事共 (kotodomo, “things, matters”)
- 事無し (koto nashi, “having nothing to do; light-hearted; having no faults”)
- 事勿れ (koto nakare, “a desire for peacefulness and nothing out of the ordinary”)
- 事勿れ主義 (koto nakare shugi, “peace-at-any-price-ism, don't-rock-the-boat-ism, the principle of acceding to anything to avoid trouble”)
- 事無く (koto naku, “without accident, without incident, without a hitch”)
- 事珍しく (koto mezurashiku, “strangely, oddly”)
- 事寄せる (koto yoseru), 言寄せる (koto yoseru, “to use something as an excuse or pretext”)
- 事寄る (koto yoru, “to have facts or events wind up pointing one way”)
Etymology
From Old Japanese. Cognate with 言 (koto, “word”). Possibly cognate with Korean 것 (geot).
Alternative forms
- 縡 (rare)
Noun
事 (hiragana こと, katakana コト, rōmaji koto)
- broadly, any abstract thing, affair, matter, or fact
- a thing, occasion, circumstances, detail, particular
- 些細な事だ。
- Sasai na koto da.
- It is a trivial matter.
- いやしくもなすに足る事なら立派にやるだけの価値がある。
- Iyashiku mo nasu ni taru koto nara rippa ni yaru dake no kachi ga aru.
- If a thing is worth doing at all, it is worth doing well.
- 些細な事だ。
- act of (word used for the nominalization of verbs, adjectives, or phrases)
- ある程度まで私はあなたの言う事に賛成です。
- Aru teido made watashi wa anata no iu koto ni sansei desu.
- I agree with what you say to some extent.
- ある程度まで私はあなたの言う事に賛成です。
- (by extension) experience, having been or done (used with がある, ga aru)
- 京都に行った事が有りますか。
- Kyōto ni itta koto ga arimasu ka.
- Have you ever been to Kyoto?
- 彼は学校に遅刻する事が有る。
- Kare wa gakkō ni chikoku suru koto ga aru.
- He is sometimes late for school.
- 京都に行った事が有りますか。
- event of special importance: affair, something, incident, case, occurrence, trouble
- 大変な事が起こった。
- Taihen na koto ga okotta.
- A terrible accident occurred.
- 大変な事が起こった。
- business matters, affairs, business, work, duty
- 慌てて事を運ぶとミスをしますよ。
- Awatete koto o hakobu to misu o shimasu yo.
- You make mistakes if you do things in a hurry.
- 慌てて事を運ぶとミスをしますよ。
- a thing, occasion, circumstances, detail, particular
Usage notes
Phrases
phrases containing "事"
- 事にしている (koto ni shite iru, “make a point of”)
- 事になる (koto ni naru, “it has been decided that”)
- 事とする (koto to suru, “designate something”)
- 事によると (koto ni yoru to, “depending on the circumstances”)
- 事が足りる (koto ga tariru, “be sufficient, answer the purpose”)
- 事を運ぶ (koto o hakubu, “proceed, go ahead”)
- 事を起こす (koto o okosu, “cause trouble”)
- 事を好む (koto o konomu, “revel in trouble and discord”)
- 事を分ける (koto o wakeru, “reason with a person”)
- 事を成し遂げる (koto o nashitogeru, “achieve a task”)
- 事と次第で (koto to shidai de, “under certain circumstances”)
- 事も無げ (koto mo nage, “careless”)
- 事である (koto de aru, “it is said, they say”)
- 事毎に (kotogoto ni, “in everything”)
- 明白な事 (meihaku na koto, “obvious fact”)
- 学校の事を話す (gakko no koto o hanasu, “speak about the school”)
- 考える事 (kangaeru koto, “what one thinks”)
- 永い事 (nagai koto, “for a long time”)
- 毎日の事 (mainichi no koto, “daily affairs”)
- どんな事が有っても (donna koto ga atte mo, “under any circumstances”)
References
- 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), chief ed. 大漢和辞典 (Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, “Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan.
Korean
Hanja
事 • (sa) (hangeul 사)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Bonet (1899).
- Génibrel (1898).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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