神
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Translingual
| Stroke order (Mainland China) | |||
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Han character
神 (radical 113, 示+5, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 戈火中田中 (IFLWL), four-corner 35206, composition ⿰礻申(GHTJV) or ⿰示申(K or U+FA19))
References
- KangXi: page 842, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24673
- Dae Jaweon: page 1261, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2392, character 1
- Unihan data for U+795E
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
神 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 神 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 電 | *l'iːns |
| 胂 | *l̥ʰin, *hlin |
| 申 | *hlin |
| 伸 | *hlin |
| 呻 | *hlin |
| 紳 | *hlin |
| 眒 | *hlin, *hlins |
| 柛 | *hlin |
| 訷 | *hlin |
| 抻 | *hlins |
| 神 | *hlin |
| 朄 | *lins |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hlin) : semantic 示 (“god; deity”) + phonetic 申 (OC *hlin, “lightning”).
Originally 申 in the oracle bone script and in some bronze inscriptions. The ancients feared the unpredictable lightning and considered it to be divine or of divine origin. 示 was added for specialization.
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
神
- (religion) god; deity; spirit
- spirit; soul; mind
- expression; countenance; appearance
- supernatural; magic; psychic
- A surname. Shen
Usage notes
Different branches of Christianity use different terms for God:
Compounds
Derived terms from 神
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Pronunciation 2
Japanese
| 神 | |
| 神 |
Readings
- Go-on: じん (jin, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
- Kun: かみ (kami, 神, Jōyō); かむ (kamu, 神); かむい (kamui, 神); かむぶ (kamubu, 神ぶ); かん (kan, 神, Jōyō, uncommon)←かむ (kamu, historical); かんぶ (kanbu, 神ぶ)←かむぶ (kamubu, historical); こう (kō, 神, Jōyō, uncommon)←かう (kau, historical)←かん (kan, ancient); み (mi, 神)
- Nanori: か (ka); かぐ (kagu); かな (kana); かも (kamo); きよ (kiyo); くま (kuma); こ (ko); こは (koha); しの (shino); だま (dama); たる (taru); みわ (miwa)
Compounds
Compounds
- 別天津神 (kotoama tsukami, “distinguished heavenly gods”)
- 天神 (tenjin, “heavenly god/spirit/being”)
- 風神 (fūjin, “wind god”)
- 雷神 (raijin, “thunder god”)
- 雷神鳥 (raijinchō, “thunderbird”)
- 土神 (dojin, “earth god”)
- 水神 (suijin, “water god”)
- 火神 (kajin, “fire god”)
- 竜神 (ryūjin, “dragon god”)
- 軍神 (gunshin, “war god”)
- 神仙 (shinsen, “supernatural or celestial being”)
- 神明 (shinmei)
- 神罰 (shinbatsu, “divine punishment; judgement of god”)
- 神意 (shin'i, “divine will; will of god”)
- 神威 (shin'i), 神威 (kamui, “divine dignity/might; dignity/might of god”)
- 神像 (shinzō, “statue, idol, image”)
- 神韻 (shin'in)
- 神格 (shinkaku)
- 神学 (shingaku, “theology”)
- 神楽 (kagura, “god entertainment — theatrical temple dances”)
- 神官 (shinkan, “Shinto priest”)
- 神器 (jinki), 神器 (jingi, “sacred treasures”)
- 神曲 (shinkyoku, “divina commedia”)
- 神経 (shinkei, “(anatomy): nerve”)
- 神権 (shinken, “divine right; divine authority”)
- 付喪神 (tsukumogami, “an artifact spirit, the spirit of a tool”)
- 守護神 (shugoshin, “tutelary or guardian deity”)
- 神明 (shinmei, “a deity; divine light”)
- 神事 (kamigoto), 神事 (kamiwaza), 神事 (kamugoto), 神事 (kamuwaza), 神事 (kangoto), 神事 (kanwaza), 神事 (shinji), 神事 (jinji, “a Shinto ritual”)
- 式神 (shikigami, “shikigami”)
- 犬神 (inugami, “a dog spirit”)
- 神札 (shinsatsu, “ofuda placed at a Shinto shrine”)
- 神社 (jinja, “shrine (especially a Shinto shrine)”)
- 神髄 (shinzui)
- 神魂 (shinkon, “state of mind; mind”)
- 神気 (kamike), 神気 (shinki, “divine energy/aura”)
- 神話 (shinwa, “myth, legend, folklore, fairy tale”)
- 神聖 (shinsei, “holiness”)
- 神体 (shintai)
- 神託 (shintaku, “oracle”)
- 神通 (jinzū, “divine or special talent”)
- 神通力 (jinzūriki, “supernatural force/power/energy”)
- 神殿 (kamidono), 神殿 (kamutono), 神殿 (kandono), 神殿 (shinden, “Shintō shrine”)
- 神道 (shintō, “Shinto”)
- 神秘 (shinpi, “divine mystery, mystical”)
- 神父 (shinpu, “father; priest (Catholic or Orthodox)”)
- 神霊 (shinrei, “divine spirit”)
- 神様 (kamisama, “honorable god”)
- 神風 (kamikaze, “divine wind”)
- 神雷 (shinrai, “divine thunder”)
- 神水 (shinsui), 神水 (shinzui, “divine water”)
- 神火 (shinka, “divine flame”)
- 神主 (kamunushi), 神主 (kannushi), 神主 (kōnushi), 神主 (shinshu, “Shintō priest”)
- 神子 (miko, “a Shintō shrine maiden”)
- 神業 (kamiwaza)
- 女神 (megami, “female god; a goddess”)
- 男神 (otokogami, “a male god”)
- 祖神 (oyagami), 祖神 (soshin, “spirit of an ancestor”)
- 半神 (hanshin, “demigod, one who is of mixed divine and human/mortal heritage”)
- 神降 (kamioroshi, “an avatar”)
- 神酒 (shinshu, “ambrosia”)
- 神木 (shinboku, “a sacred tree”)
- 神無月 (kannazuki, “(archaic) the tenth month of the lunar calendar”)
- 神霊 (shinrei, “gods; deities; divinities; spirits”)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 神 |
| かみ Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨kami2⟩ → */kamɨ/ → /kami/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kamuy. Not related to 上 (/kami1/, “up”) or 髪 (/kami1/, “hair”). Possibly cognate with Korean 검 (geom, “God, Spirit”). Often appears in compounds as /kamu/ (modern /kaɴ/), indicating that /kami/ is a bound or fused form deriving from */kamu.i/. Note that this final i may be the Old Japanese emphatic nominative particle い (i), likely cognate with Korean nominative particle 이 (i). Such fusion has occurred in other Japanese terms, such as 目 (me, “eye”, from ma + i) or 酒 (sake, “saké, liquor”, from saka + i).
Noun
- (Shinto, Japanese religion) a spirit or an essence present in all things, the main subject of worship of Shinto
- 2004 October 1, “
欠 け月 の神 [Kami of the Waning Moon]”, in神 河 物 語 [Tales of Kamigawa], Wizards of the Coast:- すぐさま霊都の護衛は再編された。そこに嘆きの神が再び現れ、彼らは恐れをなした鳥の群れの如くに散り散りになった。
――神河大戦記- Sugusama Reito no goei wa saihensareta. Soko ni nageki no kami ga futatabi araware, karera wa osore o nashita tori no mure no gotoku ni chirijiri ni natta.
――Kamigawa Taisenki - For a moment, Reito’s defenders regrouped. Then wailing kami reappeared to send them scattering like flocks of frightened birds.
――Chronicles of the Great Battles of Kamigawa
- Sugusama Reito no goei wa saihensareta. Soko ni nageki no kami ga futatabi araware, karera wa osore o nashita tori no mure no gotoku ni chirijiri ni natta.
- すぐさま霊都の護衛は再編された。そこに嘆きの神が再び現れ、彼らは恐れをなした鳥の群れの如くに散り散りになった。
- 2005 June 3, “
三 日 月 の神 [Kami of the Crescent Moon]”, in神 河 救 済 [Salvation of Kamigawa], Wizards of the Coast:- 「主無き小さな神よ。やつは俺によく似ている……。ちっぽけな存在で、見向かれもしない。」
——梅澤俊郎- “Shunaki chīsa na kami yo. Yatsu wa ore ni yoku niteiru……. Chippoke na sonzai de, mimukare mo shinai.”
——Umezawa Toshirō - “That masterless little kami. He’s a lot like me. Disdainful of all things trivial.”
——Umezawa Toshirō
- “Shunaki chīsa na kami yo. Yatsu wa ore ni yoku niteiru……. Chippoke na sonzai de, mimukare mo shinai.”
- 「主無き小さな神よ。やつは俺によく似ている……。ちっぽけな存在で、見向かれもしない。」
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- (by extension) a deity; a god
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 85)
- Cami. カミ (神) 日本のゼンチヨ (gentios 異教徒)が尊崇する神(Cami).
- 2004 April 7, Ohba, Tsugumi; Obata, Takeshi, “ｐａｇｅ．１
退 屈 [page.1 Boredom]”, inDEATH NOTE [DEATH NOTE], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, pages 48–49:- そして 僕は新世界の神となる
- Soshite boku wa shinsekai no kami to naru
- And then I will become the god of this new world
- そして 僕は新世界の神となる
- 2016 July 22, “エムラクールの
手 [Hand of Emrakul]”, in 異界月 [Eldritch Moon], Wizards of the Coast:- 「私は美しき神を信じていました。しかし、これが神の真の顔です。」
- “Watashi wa utsukushiki kami o shinjite imashita. Shikashi, kore ga kami no shin no kao desu.”
- “I believed in a beautiful god. But this is the true face of the divine.”
- 「私は美しき神を信じていました。しかし、これが神の真の顔です。」
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 85)
- thunder
- (slang, attributive) amazing; great; fantastic; awesome
Proper noun
- (Christianity) God
- 1987 March 20 [Feb 20 1987], Fujiko Fujio, “神さまごっこ [God Simulator]”, in カンビュセスの
籤 [Cambyses’s Drawing] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 1), volume 1 (fiction), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第一章, page 145:- 知恵の木の実を食べた⁉神のいいつけにそむいたな‼
- Chie no ki no mi o tabeta⁉ Kami no iitsuke ni somuita na‼
- You ate the fruit of wisdom⁉ How dare you disobey God’s words⁉
- 1999 September 16, Katou, Motohiro, “ヤコブの
階 段 [Jacob’s Stairway]”, in Ｑ.Ｅ.Ｄ.証 明 終 了 [Q.E.D. Quod Erat Demonstrandum], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 184:- ヤコブは神の言葉を受け「約束の地」を探して旅立った 自分達を 繁栄させる土地を‥‥
- Yakobu wa Kami no kotoba o uke “Yakusoku no Chi” o sagashite tabidatta jibuntachi o han'ei saseru tochi o‥‥
- Jacob took God’s words and set out in search of the “Promised Land”, of themselves, of fertile soil‥‥
- ヤコブは神の言葉を受け「約束の地」を探して旅立った 自分達を 繁栄させる土地を‥‥
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Derived terms
See also
- 精霊 (seirei)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 神 |
| み Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨mi1⟩ → /mi/
From Old Japanese. Cognate with 御 (mi, honorific prefix, originally used to refer to gods and other high-status things).
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 海神 (wata tsu mi): god or spirit of the sea
- 山祇 (yama tsu mi): god or spirit of the mountain (although spelled with a different kanji, the mi here is the same as 神 mi)
Vietnamese
Compounds
- 聖神 (Thánh Thần, “Holy Spirit”)
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
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