이

이 (’i)

1. the locative particle: in; at

• IPA^(key)[i]
• Phonetic Hangul[이]

이 • (i)

1. A Hangul syllabic block made up of ㅇ and ㅣ.

First attested in the Hunmin jeongeum eonhae (訓民正音諺解本 / 훈민정음언해본), 1446, as Middle Korean 이 (i).

이 • (i)

1. this
   • 이 그림을 본 적이 있다. (i geurimeul bon jeogi itda.) I have seen this picture.

이 • (i)

1. this (thing)
2. this person

Of native Korean origin. Possibly cognate with Old Japanese い (i, emphatic nominative particle).

이 • (i)

1. A particle marking a grammatical subject ending with a consonant.
   • 이 치킨이 맛이 있다. (I chikini masi itda., “This chicken is delicious.”)

2. A particle marking a grammatical complement ending with a consonant, before 되다 (doeda, “to become”) and 아니다 (anida, “(to be) not”).

   An adverbial particle 으로/로 (euro/ro) can replace the complement marker 이/가 (i/ga) when the verb is 되다 (doeda, “to become”).

   • 물이 얼음이 되었다. (Muri eoreumi doeeotda., “Water became ice.”)

   • 물이 얼음으로 되었다. (Muri eoreumeuro doeeotda., “Water became ice.”)

   • 그는 정상이 아니다. (Geuneun jeongsang-i anida., “He is not normal.”)
3. A particle marking an object of desire.
   • 쟨 짜장면이 먹고 싶다(고 하)는데? (Jyaen jjajangmyeoni meokgo sipda(go ha)neunde?, “She says she wants to eat jajangmyeon.”)

• 가 (ga) (marks a grammatical subject ending with a vowel)

• 은 (eun) (marks a topic word or phrase ending with a consonant)
• 는 (neun) (marks a topic word or phrase ending with a vowel)
• 을 (eul) (marks a direct object ending with a consonant)
• 를 (reul) (marks a direct object ending with a vowel)
• Old Japanese い (i); emphatic nominative marker

Of native Korean origin.

—이 • (-i)

1. a suffix deriving a passive verb.
   • 저는 희망을 봅니다. (Jeoneun huimang-eul bomnida., “I see hope.”) → 저에게 희망이 보입니다. (Jeo-ege huimang-i boimnida., “Hope is seen to me.”)

—이 • (-i)

1. a suffix deriving a causative verb.
   • 저는 희망을 봅니다. (Jeoneun huimang-eul bomnida., “I see hope.”) → 저는 이분들께 희망을 보여 드리고 싶습니다. (Jeoneun ibundeulkke huimang-eul boyeo deurigo sipseumnida., “I want to show these people hope.”)
   • 천장이 높군. (Cheonjang-i nopgun., “The ceiling is high.”) → 천장을 높이어야(하)겠군. (Cheonjang-eul nopieoya(ha)getgun., “I guess the ceiling needs raising.”)

• -히 (hi)/리 (ri)/기 (gi)- : suffixes deriving passive verbs.
• -히 (hi)/리 (ri)/기 (gi)/우 (u)/구 (gu)/추 (chu)- : suffixes deriving causative verbs.

First attested in the Yongbi eocheonga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 이 (i).

이 • (i)

1. (dependent) a person.
   • 말하는 이 없이 고요하다. (Malhaneun i eopsi goyohada., “It's silent, with no one who talks.”)

Of native Korean origin.

—이 • (-i)

1. (after a stem of a verb or an adjective) a suffix deriving a noun.
   • 길다 (gilda, “long”) + 이 (i) → 길이 (giri, “length”)
   • 먹다 (meokda, “to eat”) + 이 (i) → 먹이 (meogi, feed)
2. (in the form of a noun + a stem of a verb + suffix 이) a suffix deriving a noun, adding a meaning of a person, an item, or an event. -er.
   • 옷 (ot, “clothing”) + 걸다 (geolda, “to hang”) + 이 (i) → 옷걸이 (otgeori, “a hanger”)
   • 가슴 (gaseum, “chest, heart”) + 앓다 (alta, “to suffer”) + 이 (i) → 가슴앓이 (gaseumari, “heartburn”)
3. a suffix deriving a noun, adding a meaning of a person or an item. -er.
   • 멍청(하다) (meongcheong(hada), “foolish”) + 이 (i) → 멍청이 (meongcheong-i, “a fool”)

Of native Korean origin.

—이 • (-i)

1. (after a stem of an adjective) a suffix deriving an adverb. -ly.
   • 다르다 (dareuda, “different”) + 이 (i) → 달리 (dalli, “unlike; differently”)
   • 슬프다 (seulpeuda, “sad”) + 이 (i) → 슬피 (seulpi, “sadly”)
2. (after repeating a single-syllable noun) a suffix deriving an adverb.
   • 달 (dal, “a month”) ×2 + 이 (i) → 다달이 (dadari, “month by month”)
   • 간 (間, gan, “interval”) ×2 + 이 (i) → 간간이 (gan-gani, “at times”)

The suffix -i is used for adjectives not ending in -hada, and the suffix -hi is implemented for that case. For example, 많다 (manta, “many”) turns into 많이 (mani, “a lot”) whereas 깔끔하다 (kkalkkeumhada, “neat”) becomes 깔끔히 (kkalkkeumhi, “neatly”). However, if -hada is suffixed after consonants k and s, -i is sometimes used rather than -hi, as in 깊숙이 (gipsugi, “deeply”) from 깊숙하다 (gipsukhada, “deep”) and 깨끗이 (kkaekkeusi, “cleanly”) from 깨끗하다 (kkaekkeuthada, “clean”), while many adjectives like 솔직하다 (soljikhada, “frank”) still take -hi. Whether to use -i or -hi depends on its pronunciation, which is very confusing even to natives.[1]

The conjugation for this suffix is similar to the infinite form, but not the same. Especially, the p-irregular adjectives (ㅂ 불규칙 용언) take 이 (i) not 위 (wi); for instance, 가깝다 (gakkapda, “near”) → 가까이 (gakkai, “nearly”).

Also, note that only a limited number of adverbs are frequently used which are formed by affixing -i or -hi.

• -히 (hi)

Of native Korean origin.

—이 • (-i)

1. (after the stem of the sequential form of an adjective) one of the familiar style declarative endings.
   • 고맙다(고마우니) (gomapda(gomauni), “(to be) grateful”) + 이 (i) → 고마우이. (Gomaui., “Thank you.”)
   • 날이 차이. 돌아갈 때 조심하시게. (Nari chai. Doragal ttae josimhasige., “It's cold today. Please be cautious when you return.”)

From First attested in the 번역박통사 (beonyeokbaktongsa) 飜譯朴通事／飜译朴通事, before 1517, as Middle Korean ᅀᅵ (). [1]

이 • (i) (hanja 二, 貳)

1. two
2. second

• Used primarily with Sino-Korean count words, or in reading numbers literally. In modern Korean, numbers are almost always written in Arabic numerals.
• 이 means “second” if it is directly put before a noun other than modern units.

  이 층 ― i cheung ― second floor

  두 층 ― du cheung ― two floors

  이 팀 ― i tim ― Team 2

  두 팀 ― du tim ― two teams

• 둘 (dul) (native Korean)

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

이 (i)

Sino-Korean word from 李

(South Korea) 이 • (I) (hanja 李), due to 두음 법칙 (頭音法則, dueum beopchik)

• (South Korea) A surname​, the second most common surname in South Korea.

(North Korea) 李 (lǐ) 리 (ri)

• Most commonly romanized as Lee(98.5%). Other romanizations include Yi(1%) and Rhee(0.2%) It is romanized as Li in China and Ri in North Korea.

Sino-Korean word from 理

이 • (i) (hanja 理)

1. (South Korea) to govern (South Korea Spelling, due to 두음 법칙 (頭音法則, dueum beopchik))

• (North Korea) 리 (ri) to govern

South Korean reading of various Chinese characters, originally 리 (ri).

이 (i)

• (North Korea) 리 (ri)

In South Korea, the original Sino-Korean reading 리 (ri) is used if the hanja is not part of the first syllable of a Sino-Korean compound word. The change in reading and family name spelling from 리 (ri) to 이 (i) is known as 두음 법칙 (頭音法則, dueum beopchik).

이 (i, “teeth”).

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 니 (ni). [1]

이 • (i)

1. A tooth or teeth.
   • 이 없으면 잇몸으로 산다.

     I eopseumyeon inmomeuro sanda.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

     (literally, “without teeth, I would live with the gum.”)

• (South Korea) 니 (ni) (now suffixal due to 두음 법칙 (頭音法則, dueum beopchik))

• 이빨 (ippal)
• 치아 (chia)

• (South Korea) 덧니 (deonni, “snaggletooth/teeth”)
• (North Korea) 덧이 (deosi, “snaggletooth/teeth”)
• (South Korea) 송곳니 (songgonni, “canine tooth/teeth”)
• (North Korea) 송곳이 (songgosi, “canine tooth/teeth”)
• (South Korea) 아랫니 (araenni, “lower tooth/teeth”)
• (North Korea) 아래이 (araei, “lower tooth/teeth”)
• (South Korea) 앞니 (amni, “incisor(s)”)
• (North Korea) 앞이 (api, “incisor(s)”)
• (South Korea) 윗니 (winni, “upper tooth/teeth”)
• (North Korea) 웃이 (usi, “upper tooth/teeth”)
• (South Korea) 어금니 (eogeumni, “molar(s)”)
• (North Korea) 어금이,엄이 (eogeumi,eomi, “molar(s)”)

이 (i, “louse”).

First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 니 (ni).

이 • (i)

1. louse

• 거웃니 (geounni, “pubic louse”)
• 닭니 (dangni, “bird louse”)
• 머릿니 (meorinni, “head louse”)
• 사면발니 (samyeonballi, “crab louse”)
• 옷엣니 (osenni, “body louse”)

South Korean reading of various Chinese characters, originally 니 (ni).

이 (i)

1. (South Korea) 泥: mud

   (eumhun reading: 진흙 이 (jinheuk i), MC reading: 泥 (MC nei, nei^H))

2. (South Korea) 尼: Buddhist nun

   (eumhun reading: 여승 이 (yeoseung i), MC reading: 尼 (MC ɳˠiɪ))

3. (South Korea) 柅: overgrown

   (eumhun reading: 무성한 이 (museonghan i), MC reading: 柅 (MC ɳˠiɪ, ɳˠiɪ^X))

4. (South Korea) 濔: lots of

   (eumhun reading: 많을 이 (maneul i), MC reading: 濔 (MC miᴇ^X))

5. (South Korea) 膩: greasy

   (eumhun reading: 기름질 이 (gireumjil i), MC reading: 膩 (MC ɳˠiɪ^H))

6. (South Korea) 馜: strong fragrance

   (eumhun reading: 진한 향기 이 (jinhan hyanggi i), MC reading: 馜)

7. (South Korea) 㦐: feel good

   (eumhun reading: 마음이 좋을 이 (ma-eumi joeul i), MC reading: 㦐)

8. (South Korea) 呢: whisper

   (eumhun reading: 소곤거릴 이 (sogon-georil i), MC reading: 呢 (MC ɳˠiɪ))

9. (South Korea) 怩: ashamed

   (eumhun reading: 부끄러워할 이 (bukkeureowohal i), MC reading: 怩 (MC ɳˠiɪ))

10. (South Korea) 祢: Father's Shrine

    (eumhun reading: 아버지 사당 이 (abeoji sadang i), MC reading: 祢)

• (North Korea) 니 (ni)

In South Korea, the original Sino-Korean reading 니 (ni) is used if the hanja is not part of the first syllable of a Sino-Korean compound word. The change in reading and family name spelling from 니 (ni) to 이 (i) is known as 두음 법칙 (頭音法則, dueum beopchik).

• Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin-guk daebeobwon) (2015). Table of Hanja for Personal Names (인명용한자표, inmyeong-yonghanjapyo).