異

See also: 异, 畀, and 暴
異 U+7570, 異
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7570
← 畯
[U+756F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 畱 →
[U+7571]
異 U+F962, 異
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F962
← 率
[U+F961] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 北 →
[U+F963]
異 U+2F938, 異
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F938
← 𤲒
[U+2F937] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𢆟 →
[U+2F939]

Translingual

Han character

異 (radical 102, 田+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田廿金 (WTC), four-corner 60801, composition ⿱田共)

  1. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №65

Derived characters

References

Wikidata

  • KangXi: page 763, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21866
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1173, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2540, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7570

Chinese
trad. 異
simp. 异*
variant forms 𠔱
𢄖

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 異
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (異) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
禩 *ljɯʔ
異 *lɯɡs
潩 *lɯɡs, *lɯɡ
廙 *lɯɡs, *lɯɡ
趩 *l̥ʰɯɡ
瀷 *l̥ʰjɯɡ, *lɯɡ
翼 *lɯɡ
熼 *lɯɡ

Ideogram (指事) – a man with a mask (田) over his face. Possible interpretations:

  • Strange, bizarre — "uncommon".
  • Different face — "different".

Compare 鬼 (“demon”), where the 田 also derives from a face.

Modern form is graphically 田 + 共, though this is not the etymology.

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 異
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊吏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jɨH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jɨH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /jɨH/
Li
Rong		 /iəH/
Wang
Li		 /jĭəH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yì
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 異
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yiH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ɢ(r)ək-s/
English different

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 異
Reading # 1/1
No. 15102
Phonetic
component		 異
Rime
group		 代
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 異
Old
Chinese		 /*lɯɡs/
Notes 金文異象雙手護住頭所頂物爲戴翼初文

Definitions

異

  1. different; other
  2. uncommon; unusual; special; strange; surprising
  3. to distinguish; to separate

Synonyms
  • (different): 殊 (shū), 差 (chā)
  • (unusual): 奇 (qí), 怪 (guài)

Antonyms
  • 同 (tóng, “same”)

Compounds
Derived terms from 異

Japanese

Kanji
異

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. different, other, hetero-
  2. uncommon, special
  3. curious, odd

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
異
い
Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 異 (MC jɨH). Compare modern Mandarin 異 (yì, /i⁵¹/), Cantonese 異 (ji6, /jiː²²/).

Pronunciation

Noun

異 (hiragana い, rōmaji i)

  1. (literary) difference
  2. (Buddhism) change or disease, one of the four states or avasthā

Adjective

異 (-na inflection, hiragana い, rōmaji i)

  1. (literary) strange; unusual
Inflection
Inflection of 異
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 異だろ いだろ i daro
Continuative (連用形) 異で いで i de
Terminal (終止形) 異だ いだ i da
Attributive (連体形) 異な いな i na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 異なら いなら i nara
Imperative (命令形) 異であれ いであれ i de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 異ではない
異じゃない		 いではない
いじゃない		 i de wa nai
i ja nai
Informal past 異だった いだった i datta
Informal negative past 異ではなかった
異じゃなかった		 いではなかった
いじゃなかった		 i de wa nakatta
i ja nakatta
Formal 異です いです i desu
Formal negative 異ではありません
異じゃありません		 いではありません
いじゃありません		 i de wa arimasen
i ja arimasen
Formal past 異でした いでした i deshita
Formal negative past 異ではありませんでした
異じゃありませんでした		 いではありませんでした
いじゃありませんでした		 i de wa arimasen deshita
i ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 異で いで i de
Conditional 異なら（ば） いなら（ば） i nara (ba)
Provisional 異だったら いだったら i dattara
Volitional 異だろう いだろう i darō
Adverbial 異に いに i ni
Degree 異さ いさ isa

Affix

異 (hiragana い, rōmaji i)

  1. different
  2. strange; unusual; extraordinary; excellent
  3. aberrant
  4. other; another
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
異
こと
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 異 – see こと.
(This term, 異, is a kanji spelling of こと.)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

異 (eumhun 다를 이 (dareul i))

  1. Hanja form? of 이 (“different; unusual”).
Compounds
Compounds

Hanja

異 (eum 리 (ri))

  1. Only used in certain placenames.
Usage notes

The reading 리 (ri) in certain placenames such as 지리산 (智異山, Jirisan) is caused by 활음조 현상 (滑音調 現像, hwareumjo hyeonsang, “euphony”) which altered the original sound from 이 (i) to 리 (ri).[1] This concept (ease of pronunciation) is closely related to the initial sound law 두음 법칙 (頭音法則, dueum beopchik) in South Korea.

Compounds
  • 지리산 (智異山, Jirisan)

References
  1. 7 April 2019, 한글 맞춤법 6장 1절 52항: 동일한 한자어가 어떤 경우에는 본음으로 나고 어떤 경우에는 속음으로 날 때, 속음으로 나는 것은 속음으로 적는다. ‘異’의 본음은 ‘이’이나 ‘智異山’에서 속음인 '리'로 소리가 나므로 ‘지리산’으로 적는다.

Vietnamese

Han character

異: Hán Việt readings: dị (以(dĩ)智(trí)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], di[4]
異: Nôm readings: dị[1][2][3][5]

  1. Hán tự form of dị (“dissimilar; bizarre; unusual”).

Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. Trần (2004).
  3. Bonet (1899).
  4. Génibrel (1898).
  5. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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