夷
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Translingual
Han character
夷 (radical 37, 大+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大弓 (KN) or X大弓 (XKN), four-corner 50032, composition ⿻大弓)
References
- KangXi: page 249, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5852
- Dae Jaweon: page 509, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 527, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5937
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
夷 |
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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 夷 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (夷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
桋 | *l'iːl, *lil |
荑 | *l'iːl, *lil |
銕 | *l'iːl, *l̥ʰiːd |
鴺 | *l'iːl, *lil |
鮧 | *l'iːl, *lil |
洟 | *l̥ʰiːls, *lil |
羠 | *ljilʔ, *lil |
咦 | *hril |
夷 | *lil |
姨 | *lil |
痍 | *lil |
峓 | *lil |
恞 | *lil |
眱 | *lil |
蛦 | *lil |
胰 | *lil, *lɯ |
跠 | *lil |
Etymology
According to Yuè Juè Shū (越絕書), 夷 (OC *lil) is also the Yue word for "sea". Therefore, Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *d(n)liʔ (“large river, sea”) (whence Khmer ទន្លេ (tŭənlee, “large river”) and Kuy thlèː (“sea”)). Meanwhile, Schuessler associates similar Hmong forms like Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao tl̥e (“river”) (< Proto-Hmong-Mien *gle) to 溪 (OC *kʰeː) "creek, rivulet, rill" instead.
In contrast, Ferlus (2009) reconstructs 夷's Old Chinese pronunciation as [lɨ] and connects 夷 to Proto-Kra-Dai *k-ri: (“Kra-Dai endonym”) (whence Thai ไท (tai, “"Tai endonym"”) and Hlai Hlai (“"Hlai endonym"”)). However, Ferlus concedes that such a derivation of 夷 from *k-ri: "remains speculative, [...] not as firmly established as for Hlai and Tai/Thai".
Pronunciation
Definitions
夷
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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夷 |
えびす Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
⟨emi1si⟩ → */emʲisɨ/ → /emisə/ → /ebisu/
Shift from Old Japanese 蝦夷 (Emishi), modern Ezo.
Alternative forms
Noun
夷 (hiragana えびす, rōmaji ebisu)
- (historical) Synonym of 蝦夷 (Ezo): an ancient ethnic group attested in the Nihon Shoki that once lived on what is now the Kantō, Hokuriku and Tōhoku regions, likely as far as Hokkaido, possibly related to the Ainu people; dubbed as "barbarians" or "savages" by the Yamato
- a person living far away from the 都 (miyako, “capital”), loosely translated to "bumpkin" or "hick"
- Synonym: 田舎者 (inakamono)
- (regional, derogatory) a barbarian, savage, especially referring to the 東夷 (azuma-ebisu, “warrior from the eastern parts of Japan”)
- 1204, Akishino Gesseishū (book 1, poem 223)
- わがおもふ人だにすまばみちのくのえびすの里もうときものかは
- waga omou hito dani sumaba Michinoku no ebisu no sato utoki mono ka wa
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- わがおもふ人だにすまばみちのくのえびすの里もうときものかは
- 1204, Akishino Gesseishū (book 1, poem 223)
- (by extension, derogatory) a foreigner
Derived terms
- 東夷 (azuma-ebisu)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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夷 |
い Jinmeiyō |
on’yomi |
/ji/ → /i/
From Middle Chinese 夷 (MC jiɪ), originally referred to one of the ancient tribes east of China.
Noun
Derived terms
- 征夷 (seii)
Idioms
- 夷を以て夷を制す (i o motte i o seisu)
Korean
Hanja
夷 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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