更

See also: 史 and 吏
更 U+66F4, 更
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F4
← 曳
[U+66F3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 曵 →
[U+66F5]
更 U+F901, 更
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F901
← 豈
[U+F900] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 車 →
[U+F902]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

更 (radical 73, 曰+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一中田大 (MLWK), four-corner 10506, composition ⿱一⿻日乂)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 502, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14283
  • Dae Jaweon: page 874, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 20, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+66F4

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 更

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 更
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
更 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳 *kraːŋ
埂 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭 *kraːŋ
稉 *kraːŋ
梗 *kraːŋʔ
哽 *kraːŋʔ
綆 *kraːŋʔ
鯁 *kraːŋʔ
挭 *kraːŋʔ
骾 *kraːŋʔ
郠 *kraːŋʔ
硬 *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕 *ŋɡraːŋs
丙 *pqraŋʔ
炳 *praŋʔ
邴 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪 *praŋʔ
蛃 *praŋʔ
昺 *praŋʔ
昞 *praŋʔ
窉 *praŋʔ
柄 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵 *praŋs
寎 *praŋs
病 *braŋs

Unknown, probably a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs) : phonetic 丙 (OC *pqraŋʔ) + semantic 攴 according to Shuowen.

Pronunciation 1
Note: “jīng” - literary variant for sense “to experience”.
Note: literary reading.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 更 (更換)
Mandarin Beijing /kəŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /kəŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kəŋ²¹/
Jinan /kəŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /kəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kəŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /kəŋ²¹/
Xining /kə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kəŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /kɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ken²¹³/
Kunming /kə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /kən³¹/
Hefei /kən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kəŋ¹¹/ ～換
/t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/ 五～
Pingyao /kəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /kə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kã⁵³/
/kəŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /kã⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ken³³/
Wenzhou /kiɛ³³/
Hui Shexian /kʌ̃³¹/
/kɛ³¹/ 打～
Tunxi /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kən³³/
Xiangtan /kən³³/
Gan Nanchang /kɑŋ⁴²/ 打～
Hakka Meixian /kaŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kɑŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐŋ⁵³/
Nanning /kɐŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kiŋ⁵⁵/
/kĩ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kaŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kaiŋ³³/
/kaŋ⁵⁴/ 三～
Shantou (Min Nan) /keŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /keŋ²³/
/kɔŋ²³/
Rime
Character 更
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古行切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨjŋ/
Li
Rong		 /kɐŋ/
Wang
Li		 /kɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gēng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 更
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gēng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁraŋ/
English change (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 更
Reading # 1/2
No. 866
Phonetic
component		 丙
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 庚
Old
Chinese		 /*kraːŋ/

Definitions

更

  1. to change; to replace
  2. to take turns; to rotate
  3. to experience
  4. 28th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "change" (𝌡)

Compounds
Derived terms from 更

Pronunciation 2
Note: vernacular reading.
Rime
Character 更
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古行切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨjŋ/
Li
Rong		 /kɐŋ/
Wang
Li		 /kɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gēng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 更
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gēng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁraŋ/
English change (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 更
Reading # 1/2
No. 866
Phonetic
component		 丙
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 庚
Old
Chinese		 /*kraːŋ/

Definitions

更

  1. (historical) watch (of a sentry)
  2. (historical) one of the five two-hour periods into which the night was formerly divided

Compounds
Derived terms from 更

Pronunciation 3
Note: literary reading.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 更 (更加)
Mandarin Beijing /kəŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /kəŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /kəŋ⁵³/
Jinan /kəŋ²¹/
Qingdao /kəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /kəŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /kəŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /kə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /kəŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /kə̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /kɤŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /kən³⁵/
Chengdu /kən¹³/
Guiyang /ken²¹³/
Kunming /kə̃¹/
Nanjing /kən⁴⁴/
Hefei /kən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /kəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /kəŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /kə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /kəŋ³⁵/
Suzhou /kən⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ken⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /kiɛ⁴²/
Hui Shexian /kʌ̃³²⁴/
Tunxi /kiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kən⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /kən⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /kiɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ken⁵³/
Taoyuan /ken⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐŋ³³/
Nanning /kɐŋ³³/
Hong Kong /kɐŋ³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kiŋ²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kaiŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kaiŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /keŋ²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /keŋ³⁵/
/kɔŋ³⁵/
Rime
Character 更
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古孟切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨjŋH/
Li
Rong		 /kɐŋH/
Wang
Li		 /kɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gèng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 更
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gèng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kængH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁraŋ-s/
English still more

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 更
Reading # 2/2
No. 879
Phonetic
component		 丙
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 更
Old
Chinese		 /*kraːŋs/

Definitions

更

  1. more; further; even more
    我的裙子更漂亮！  ―  Wǒ de qúnzi gèng piàoliang!  ―  My skirt is even more beautiful!
    加拿大的房子比美國的更貴。 [MSC, trad.]
    加拿大的房子比美国的更贵。 [MSC, simp.]
    Jiānádà de fángzi bǐ Měiguó de gèng guì. [Pinyin]
    Canadian homes are even more expensive than American homes.

Compounds
Derived terms from 更

References

Japanese

Kanji
更

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

更 • (gyeong, gaeng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

更: Hán Việt readings: canh[1][2][3], cánh[1][3]
更: Nôm readings: canh[1][2][3], cánh[1][2], cành[1], gánh[2], ngạnh[3]

  1. Hán tự form of canh (“to watch; to guard”).

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.