きょう

See also: ぎょう

Japanese

Etymology 1
Hiragana modern きょう
historical けふ
Kanji 今日

⟨ke1 pu⟩ → /kepu/ → /kefu/ → */kewu/ → /keu/ → /kjoː/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

Originally a compound of 此 (ke, apophonic form of ko, "this") + 日 (fu, apophonic form of hi, "day"). The final /eu/ → /joː/ sound shift is a separate but regular phonological change.

As for the spelling of 今日, the use of the kanji 今 (“now”) instead of 此 (“this”) is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), borrowed from Chinese 今日.

Pronunciation

Noun

きょう (rōmaji kyō)

  1. today
    • 712, Kojiki (poem 102)[4]
      毛 (も)毛 (も)志 (し)紀 (き)能 (の)淤 (お)富 (ほ)美 (み)夜 (や)比 (ひ)登 (と)波 (は)宇 (う)豆 (づ)良 (ら)登 (と)理 (り)比 (ひ)禮 (れ)登 (と)理 (り)加 (か)氣 (け)弖 (て)麻 (ま)那 (な)婆 (ば)志 (し)良 (ら)袁 (を)由 (ゆ)岐 (き)阿 (あ)閇 (へ)爾 (に)波 (は)須 (す)受 (ず)米 (め)宇 (う)受 (ず)須 (す)麻 (ま)理 (り)韋 (ゐ)弖 (て)祁 (け)布 (ふ)母 (も)加 (か)母 (も)佐 (さ)加 (か)美 (み)豆 (づ)久 (く)良 (ら)斯 (し)多 (た)加 (か)比 (ひ)加 (か)流 (る)比 (ひ)能 (の)美 (み)夜 (や)比 (ひ)登 (と)許 (こ)登 (と)能 (の)加 (か)多 (た)理 (り)碁 (ご)登 (と)母 (も)許 (こ)袁 (を)婆 (ば) [Man'yōgana]
      ももしきの大宮 (おほみや)人 (ひと)は鶉 (うづら)鳥 (とり)領 (ひ)巾 (れ)とりかけて鶺鴒 (まなばしら)尾 (を)行 (ゆ)き合 (あ)へ庭 (には)雀 (すずめ)うずすまり居 (ゐ)て今 (け)日 (ふ)もかも酒 (さか)みづくらし高 (たか)光 (ひか)る日 (ひ)の宮人 (みやひと)事 (こと)の語 (かた)り事 (ごと)も是 (こ)をば [Modern spelling]
      momoshiki no ōmiya-hito wa uzuratori hire tori-kakete manabashira o yukiae niwasuzume uzusumari ite kyō mo ka mo saka mizukurashi takahikaru hi no miya-hito koto no katarigoto mo ko o ba
      Men of the palace, great fortress of the hundred stones, like quail fowl hang scarves about their necks, like wagtails cross tails as they go, like yard sparrows squad in circles on the ground. Today too for sure they will be well steeped in drink: men of the palace of the high-shining sun. This story, the words of the story are these words.[5]
    • 905, Kokin Wakashū (poem 20)[6]
      梓 (あづさ)弓 (ゆみ)をして春雨 (はるさめ)けふ降 (ふ)りぬあすさへ降 (ふ)らば若 (わか)菜 (な)つみてん
      azusayumi oshite harusame kyō furinu asu sae furaba wakana tsumiten
      Today fell spring rain, recalling catalpa bows that one bends to string. If it but falls tomorrow, we will be picking young greens.[7]
    • 2013 April 7 [Dec 9 2012], ONE; Murata, Yusuke, “11撃げき目め　強つさの秘ひ訣けつ [11th Hit: Key to Power]”, in ONEPUNCH-MAN【ワンパンマン】 [ONE-PUNCH MAN], volume 2 (fiction), 6th edition, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 86:
      今 (きょ)日 (う)がスーパーの特 (とく)売 (ばい)日 (び)じゃねーか
      Kyō ga sūpā no tokubai-bi ja nē ka
      Isn't today the supermarket’s special sale day?!
    Synonym: 本日 (honjitsu)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)今 (きょ)日 (う)と (kyōkyō to, pillow word)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)明 (あ)日 (す) (kyō asu)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)か明 (あ)日 (す)か (kyō ka asu ka)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)が日 (ひ) (kyō ga hi)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)此 (こ)の頃 (ごろ) (kyō konogoro)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)という今 (きょ)日 (う) (kyō to iu kyō, “today of all days”)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)日 (び) (kyōbi)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)の秋 (あき) (kyō no aki)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)の月 (つき) (kyō no tsuki)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)の日 (ひ) (kyō no hi)
  • 明 (あ)くる今 (きょ)日 (う) (akuru kyō)
  • 昨 (き)日 (のう)今 (きょ)日 (う) (kinō kyō), 昨 (き)日 (のう)や今 (きょ)日 (う) (kinō ya kyō)
  • 昨 (き)日 (のう)の今 (きょ)日 (う) (kinō no kyō)
Proverbs
Proverbs
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)あって明 (あ)日 (す)ない身 (み) (kyō atte asu-nai mi)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)考 (かんが)えて明 (あ)日 (す)語 (かた)れ (kyō kangaete asu katare)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)の情 (なさ)けは明 (あ)日 (す)の仇 (あだ) (kyō no nasake wa asu no ada)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)の後 (のち)に今 (きょ)日 (う)なし (kyō no nochi ni kyō nashi)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)の一針 (ひとはり)明 (あ)日 (す)の十 (と)針 (はり) (kyō no hitohari asu no tohari)
  • 今 (きょ)日 (う)は人 (ひと)の上 (うえ)明 (あ)日 (す)は我 (わ)が身 (み)の上 (うえ) (kyō wa hito no ue asu wa waga mi no ue)
  • 明 (あ)日 (す)の百 (ひゃく)より今 (きょ)日 (う)の五 (ご)十 (じゅう) (asu no hyaku yori kyō no gojū)
  • 昨 (き)日 (のう)のつづれ今 (きょ)日 (う)の錦 (にしき) (kinō no tsuzure kyō no nishiki)
  • 昨 (き)日 (のう)の敵 (てき)は今 (きょ)日 (う)の友 (とも) (kinō no teki wa kyō no tomo)
  • 昨 (き)日 (のう)の淵 (ふち)は今 (きょ)日 (う)の瀬 (せ) (kinō no fuchi wa kyō no se)
  • 昨 (き)日 (のう)の錦 (にしき)今 (きょ)日 (う)の襤褸 (つづれ) (kinō no nishiki kyō no tsuzure), 昨 (き)日 (のう)の花 (はな)は今 (きょ)日 (う)の夢 (ゆめ) (kinō no hana wa kyō no yume)

Proper noun

きょう (rōmaji Kyō)

  1. a female given name

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of きょう – see the following entries.
【京】2
[noun]capital (city)
[noun](abbreviation) Tokyo (東京, Tōkyō)
[noun](abbreviation) Kyoto (京都, Kyōto)
【強】2
【教】2
[affix]teaching
[suffix]-ism (religion)
【橋】3
【香】S
[noun]Clipping of 香車.
【境】5
[noun]region, environment
[noun]mental state
[noun](Buddhism) something that can be perceived with the mind or senses
【経】5
[noun](Buddhism) a sutra (Buddhist scripture):
  1. a discourse of the Gautama Buddha, one of the Twelve Divisions of Mahayana Buddhism
  2. short for 経蔵 (Kyōzō): the Sutta Pitaka, one of the three divisions of the Tripitaka
  3. collective term for Buddhist literature including sutras in general
[noun](Buddhism, by extension of reading sutras) a Buddhist service or rite
[noun]a scripture (in religions other than Buddhism)
[proper noun]a surname
[proper noun]a unisex given name
【興】5
[noun]entertainment; pleasure; interest
【郷】6
[noun]hometown
[noun]village
[noun]country home, village, countryside
【孝】6
【凶】S
[noun]ill fortune
【狂】S
【卿】J
[noun](honorific title) Sir, Lord
【饗】J
【侠】H
[noun]chivalrous spirit (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
【兇】H
【羌】H
【轎】H
(This term, きょう, is the hiragana spelling of several Sino-Japanese terms.)
For a list of all kanji with on'yomi きょう, not just those used in Sino-Japanese terms, see Category:Japanese kanji with on reading きょう.

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1957, Yutaka Tsuchihashi, Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Kodai Kayōshū (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  5. Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 61
  6. Kojima, Noriyuki; Arai Eizō (1989) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 5: Kokin Wakashū (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  7. Sōchō; H. Mack Horton (2002) The Journal of Sōchō, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 209
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