羌

See also: 羗

羌	U+7F8C, 羌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F8C

← 羋
[U+7F8B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

羍 →
[U+7F8D]

Translingual

Han character

羌 (radical 123, 羊+2, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿土竹山 (TGHU) or 廿手山 (TQU), four-corner 8021₁, composition ⿸⺶乚(G) or ⿱𦍌儿(HTJK))

Derived characters

𠊡, 唴, 㛨, 𭘤, 𫹕, 𢮲, 𬁿, 𪲞, 㳾, 猐, 琷, 𥇉, 𥓌, 蜣, 錓, 𩸑, 𪁸, 𡝸, 𢒘, 𢻐, 𠒤, 𠻁, 𬝆, 𦍑, 羗, 𪉬, 𡬎

References

KangXi: page 951, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28429
Dae Jaweon: page 1393, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3125, character 3
Unihan data for U+7F8C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		羌
variant forms		羗𠒌𡸓𡹽𡺛羗𠒌𡸓𡹽𡺛𦍎𦍑

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (羊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
样	ʔslaːŋ, laŋ
佯	zlaŋ, laŋ
詳	ljaŋ, laŋ
洋	ljaŋ, laŋ
翔	*ljaŋ
庠	*ljaŋ
祥	*ljaŋ
痒	ljaŋ, laŋʔ
姜	*klaŋ
羌	*kʰlaŋ
蜣	*kʰlaŋ
猐	*kʰlaŋ
唴	*kʰlaŋs
羊	*laŋ
徉	*laŋ
烊	*laŋ
蛘	laŋ, laŋʔ
眻	laŋ, laŋs
鴹	*laŋ
恙	*laŋs
羕	*laŋs
樣	*laŋs
漾	*laŋs

Etymology

Unclear.

Pulleyblank (1983) suggests a derivation from 羊 (OC *laŋ).

Schuessler (2007) prefers to relate it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-klawŋ (“to guard; to herd; to tend (cattle); to graze; to be at leisure”), whence Tibetan སྐྱོང (skyong, “to guard; to nurture; to keep; to care for”), Asho Chin klóng (“to herd; to graze”), Burmese ကျောင်း (kyaung:, “to feed; to tend (cattle)”); then 羌 means "herders". Compare 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to raise; to nourish”).

Beckwith (2009) proposes a possible Indo-European origin; compare Tocharian B klank- (“to ride; to go by chariot”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiāng (qiang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): goeng¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiông
Min Nan (POJ): kiuⁿ / kioⁿ / khiong / khiang / kiong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: qiāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤ
  - Wade–Giles: ch'iang¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiang
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: goeng¹
  - Yale: gēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: goeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gêng¹
  - IPA ^(key): /kœ̽ːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiông
  - Hakka Romanization System: giong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giong¹
  - IPA: /ki̯oŋ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Yilan, Kaohsiung, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kiunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kviw
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Kinmen): /kiũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kioⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kionn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvioy
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiong
  - Tâi-lô: khiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiang
  - Tâi-lô: khiang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiafng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
  - Tâi-lô: kiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /kʰɨɐŋ/▼

Rime
Character	羌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去羊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/kʰiaŋ/
Wang Li	/kʰĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiāng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰlaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	羌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiāng
Middle Chinese	‹ khjang ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰaŋ/
English	western tribes
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	羌
Reading #	1/1
No.	14531
Phonetic component	羊
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	羌
Old Chinese	/*kʰlaŋ/

Definitions

羌

(～族, ～人) Qiang people
historical tribe in ancient China
muntjac (species of deer) ⇒ 山羌
A surname.

Compounds

山羌 (shānqiāng)
氐羌
羌人 (Qiāngrén)
羌帖
羌戎

羌族 (qiāngzú)
羌活 (qiānghuó)
羌無故實／羌无故实
羌笛 (qiāngdí)

羌管
羌語／羌语
羌鷲／羌鹫 (qiāngjiù)
西羌

Japanese

Kanji

羌

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)
Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
Kun: えびす (ebisu, 羌); あう (au)

Korean

Hanja

羌 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

羌 (cưng, gừng, khương)

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