車

See also: 车, 倝, and 重
車 U+8ECA, 車
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8ECA
← 軉
[U+8EC9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 軋 →
[U+8ECB]
車 U+F902, 車
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F902
← 更
[U+F901] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 賈 →
[U+F903]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

車 (radical 159, 車+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十田十 (JWJ), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻亘丨 or ⿻二申)

  1. Kangxi radical #159, ⾞.

Derived characters
  • Index:Chinese radical/車
  • 庫

References
  • KangXi: page 1239, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38172
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1712, character 34
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3511, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8ECA

Chinese
trad. 車
simp. 车
人力車單車

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 車
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (車) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
車 *kʰlja, *kla
硨 *kʰlja
厙 *qʰljaːs
庫 *kʰaːs

Ideogram (指事) : it is derived from a pictogram of a carriage seen from above, with the long vertical stroke representing the axle, the central square representing the body of the carriage, and the top and bottom horizontal lines representing the wheels.

Note that 倝 (OC *kaːns) (as in left part of 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew)) is not derived from 車.

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • ce1 - colloquial;
  • geoi1 - literary.
Rime
Character 車
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 昌 (24)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 尺遮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕʰia/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕʰia/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕʰia/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /cʰia/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕʰia/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕʰĭa/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕʰi̯a/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chē
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 車
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chē
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyhæ ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[t.qʰ](r)A/
English chariot

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 車
Reading # 1/2
No. 1311
Phonetic
component		 車
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 車
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰlja/

Definitions

車

  1. † chariot; cart
  2. land wheeled vehicle; (specifically) car (Classifier: 輛／辆; 部; 臺／台; 架 c; 頂／顶 mn)
    汽車 / 汽车  ―  qìchē  ―  car
    火車 / 火车  ―  huǒchē  ―  train
  3. machine; instrument (Classifier: 部)
  4. † carry in cart
  5. † to machine, to shape with a lathe
  6. to tailor or sew using a sewing machine
    車衫 / 车衫 [Cantonese]  ―  ce1 saam1 [Jyutping]  ―  to sew clothes with a sewing machine
  7. (Cantonese) to drive somebody; to give somebody a ride
    你可唔可以車我去地鐵站呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    你可唔可以车我去地铁站呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    Nei5 ho2 m4 ho2 ji5 ce1 ngo5 heoi3 dei6 tit3 zaam6 aa3? [Jyutping]
    Can you drive me to the MTR station?
  8. (Sichuan) to rotate
  9. (Internet slang) pornography
  10. A surname​.

Usage notes
  • 車／车 (chē) is a collective term for all types of vehicles with wheel(s). Additional morphemes are added in front to specify the type of the vehicle. For example:
    汽車 / 汽车  ―  qìchē  ―  car
    火車 / 火车  ―  huǒchē  ―  train
    自行車 / 自行车  ―  zìxíngchē  ―  bicycle
    嬰兒車 / 婴儿车  ―  yīng'érchē  ―  pram

Compounds
Derived terms from 車

Pronunciation 2
Note: gu1 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
Rime
Character 車
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 九魚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɨə̆/
Li
Rong		 /kiɔ/
Wang
Li		 /kĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jū
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 車
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjo ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.q(r)a/
English chariot

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 車
Reading # 2/2
No. 1315
Phonetic
component		 車
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 居
Old
Chinese		 /*kla/

Definitions
車

車

  1. (Chinese chess) chariot; rook
  2. (chess) rook
Coordinate terms

Compounds
Derived terms from 車

Japanese

Kanji
車

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. vehicle

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
車
しゃ
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 車 (MC t͡ɕʰia).

Pronunciation

Counter

車 (hiragana しゃ, rōmaji -sha)

  1. used to count vehicles

Affix

車 (hiragana しゃ, rōmaji sha)

  1. vehicle
    韓国 (かんこく)車 (しゃ)
    kankokusha
    South Korean vehicle
  2. train car
    Synonym: 車両
    女 (じょ)性 (せい)専 (せん)用 (よう)車 (しゃ)
    josei-sen'yō-sha
    car for women only

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
車
くるま
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE, with the ideographic spelling 車.[1]

Assuming an initial meaning of wheel, may be a compound of くる (kuru, related to spinning or rotating, as in 繰る (kuru, “to spin (as in thread)”), 枢 (kuru, “hinge”), くるくる (kurukuru, “spinningly, round and round”), 転めく (kurumeku, “to spin round and round, to rotate; to be dizzy”)) +‎ ま (ma, a suffix added to various parts of speech to form an indeclinable word indicating state).

Pronunciation

Noun

車 (counter 台, hiragana くるま, rōmaji kuruma)

  1. a car, an automobile, a carriage, a cart
  2. a wheel, a caster
  3. something wheel-shaped
  4. a style of 紋 (mon, “family crest”)
  5. short for various terms:
    1. short for 車海老 (kuruma ebi): a prawn
    2. short for 車懸 (kuruma-gakari): “wheel formation”, a battle tactic where units attack in staged waves in order to prevent the opponent from resting
    3. short for 肩車 (kata-guruma): riding on one's shoulders, piggyback
    4. short for 手車 (te-guruma): a handcart, a wheelbarrow
    5. short for 車座 (kuruma za): sitting in a circle
  6. (obsolete) during the Edo period, in the red-light district in Ōsaka, a prostitute whose services cost four 匁 (monme) and three 分 (bun) (possibly in reference to the cost of a carriage ride)
Derived terms

References
  1. c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 694), text here
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  • 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

車 (eumhun 수레 차 (sure cha))

  1. cart; wheeled machinery

Compounds

Hanja

車 (eumhun 수레 거 (sure geo))

  1. cart; wheeled machinery

Compounds

Kunigami

Kanji

車

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kˀuɾumaː/

Noun

車 (hiragana く゚るまー, romaji kurumaa)

  1. car
  2. wheel

Miyako

Kanji

車

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kuɾuma/

Noun

車 (hiragana くるま, romaji kuruma)

  1. car
  2. wheel

Okinawan

Kanji

車

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kuɾuma/

Noun

車 (hiragana くるま, romaji kuruma)

  1. car
  2. wheel

Vietnamese

Han character

車 (xa, xe)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Yaeyama

Kanji

車

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kuɾuma/

Noun

車 (hiragana くるま, romaji kuruma)

  1. car
  2. wheel

Yonaguni

Kanji

車

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kuɾuma/

Noun

車 (hiragana くるま, romaji kuruma)

  1. car
  2. wheel
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