相

See also: 租
相 U+76F8, 相
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76F8
← 盷
[U+76F7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 盹 →
[U+76F9]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

相 (radical 109, 目+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木月山 (DBU), four-corner 46900, composition ⿰木目)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 800, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23151
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1216, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2470, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+76F8

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 相

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (相) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
相 *slaŋ, *slaŋs
廂 *slaŋ
湘 *slaŋ
緗 *slaŋ
箱 *slaŋ
葙 *slaŋ
想 *slaŋʔ
霜 *sraŋ
孀 *sraŋ
鸘 *sraŋ
驦 *sraŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 木 (“tree”) + 目 (“eye”) – looking at, or watching the tree.

Etymology

An allofam is 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ, “each other; mutually; all; to observe; to assist”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Derivative: 想 (OC *slaŋʔ, “to think”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • siong/siang - literary;
  • saⁿ/sio/sa - vernacular;
  • siuⁿ/sioⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 相思).
Note:
  • siang1 - literary;
  • sio1/siê1 - vernacular (siê1 - Chaozhou).
Rime
Character 相
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /sɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /siɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /siɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sɨaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /siaŋ/
Wang
Li		 /sĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiāng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 相
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xiāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sjang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s]aŋ/
English mutually

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 相
Reading # 1/2
No. 13579
Phonetic
component		 相
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 襄
Old
Chinese		 /*slaŋ/

Definitions

相

  1. to see for oneself; to evaluate by seeing for oneself
    相女婿  ―  xiāng nǚxù  ―  assess the suitability of a prospective son-in-law or husband
  2. mutually; reciprocally; towards each other; one another
    相望  ―  xiāngwàng  ―  to look at each other
    相逢  ―  xiāngféng  ―  to meet by chance
  3. together; jointly
  4. successively; one after another
  5. towards; to
  6. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 相

Pronunciation 2
Note:
  • soeng3-2 - “photo; picture”.
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: lhiang1, lhiang1*
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiaŋ³³/, /ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
Note:
  • lhiang1* - “photo; picture”.
Note:
  • siòng/siàng - literary;
  • siùⁿ/siòⁿ/siàuⁿ - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: siang3 / sion3 / siên3
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siàng / siòⁿ / sièⁿ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /siaŋ²¹³/, /sĩõ²¹³/, /sĩẽ²¹³/
Note:
  • siang3 - literary;
  • sion3/siên3 - vernacular (siên3 - Chaozhou).
Rime
Character 相
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /sɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /siɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /siɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sɨaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /siaŋH/
Wang
Li		 /sĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiàng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 相
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xiàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sjangH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s]aŋ-s/
English appearance, quality

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 相
Reading # 2/2
No. 13586
Phonetic
component		 相
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 相
Old
Chinese		 /*slaŋs/

Definitions

相

  1. to look at; to examine the appearance and judge; to observe
  2. looks; appearance; features
  3. posture; carriage; bearing
  4. photo; picture; photograph (Classifier: 張／张 c)
    影幾張相 / 影几张相 [Cantonese]  ―  jing2 gei2 zoeng1 soeng1 [Jyutping]  ―  to take a few pictures
  5. phase; exterior; stage; period
  6. (physics) phase
  7. (geology) facies
  8. to physiognomise; to practise physiognomy; to tell fortune by reading the subject's facial features
  9. physiognomy; practice of physiognomy
  10. to choose; to pick
  11. to assist; to help; to oversee
  12. (historical) prime minister; minister
  13. (Chinese chess) minister (on the red side)
  14. (historical) master of ceremonies
  15. (historical) attendant
  16. to administer; to govern
  17. to teach; to instruct
  18. a person who guides or leads a blind person
  19. A surname​.
Synonyms
Coordinate terms

Compounds
Derived terms from 相

Japanese

Kanji
相

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. mutual, reciprocal, with one another
  2. appearance, look

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
相
あい
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 相 – see the following entry at あい.
あい【相】
[prefix]mutual, together, each other
[prefix]used in official or epistolary writings for elegance or politeness
(This term, 相, is a kanji spelling of あい.)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
相
こもごも
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 相 – see the following entry at こもごも.
こもごも【交々・交・相・更】
[adverb]alternating; one after another
[adverb]all mixed up and indistinct
(This term, 相, is a kanji spelling of こもごも.)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
相
さが
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

相 (hiragana さが, rōmaji saga)

  1. nature, personality
  2. fate, destiny
  3. a habit, custom, or practice
  4. the good and bad of a person; especially, one's faults
Synonyms

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
相
しょう
Grade: 3
kan’on

From Middle Chinese, deriving from the meaning of with from the way that a minister would always be with their lord. Kan'on, so likely a later borrowing than the sō reading.

Pronunciation

Suffix

相 (hiragana しょう, rōmaji -shō, historical hiragana しゃう)

  1. minister of state
    首 (しゅ)相 (しょう)
    shushō
    prime minister
    内 (ない)相 (しょう)
    naishō
    minister of the interior
Synonyms

Etymology 5
Kanji in this term
相
そう
Grade: 3
goon

From Middle Chinese. Goon, so likely an earlier borrowing than the shō reading.

Pronunciation

Noun

相 (hiragana そう, rōmaji sō, historical hiragana さう)

  1. appearance, how something looks
  2. an aspect of something
    大 (だい)自 (し)然 (ぜん)の色々 (いろいろ)な相 (そう)
    daishizen no iroiro na sō
    various aspects of nature
  3. (grammar) grammatical aspect
  4. (physics) a phase, as of matter
  5. (ikebana) the central supporting branch of an ikebana arrangement
  • (ikebana): 役枝 (やくえだ) (yakueda)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

相 • (sang) (hangeul 상)

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Vietnamese

Han character

相 (tương, tướng, rương)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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