心
See also: 必
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Alternative forms
Han character
心 (radical 61, 心+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心 (P), four-corner 33000, composition ⿲丿⿺乚丶丶)
- Kangxi radical #61, ⼼.
Usage notes
When written as a bottom radical, it is similar to 灬 but is distinguished by the second stroke from the left being longer, passing under the third stroke – this is an important composition detail.
Derived characters
- Index:Chinese radical/心
References
- KangXi: page 375, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10295
- Dae Jaweon: page 700, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2267, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5FC3
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
心 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 心 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (心) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 沁 | *sʰlɯms |
| 吣 | *sʰlɯms |
| 心 | *slɯm |
| 杺 | *slɯm |
| 伈 | *slɯmʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – a heart, now highly stylized.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(j)am-s.
Pronunciation
Compounds
Derived terms from 心
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Japanese
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
- 心意 (shin'i, “mind”)
- 心音 (shin'on, “heartbeat”)
- 心外 (shingai, “wholly unexpected”)
- 心肝 (shinkan, “heart”)
- 心眼 (shingan, “mind's eye”)
- 心願 (shingan, “prayer”)
- 心機 (shinki, “attitude”)
- 心気 (shinki, “mentality, mood”)
- 心境 (shinkyō, “mental state”)
- 心筋 (shinkin, “heart muscle”)
- 心情 (shinjō, “sentiment, emotions”)
- 心神耗弱 (shinshin-mōjaku, “mental retardation”)
- 心身 (shinshin, “mind and body”)
- 心酔 (shinsui, “adoration”)
- 心臓 (shinzō, “heart”)
- 心臓病 (shinsōbyō, “heart trouble”)
- 心中 (shinchū, “true motives”)
- 心中 (shinjū, “lovers' suicide”)
- 心電図 (shindenzu, “electrocardiogram”)
- 心不全 (shinfuzen, “heart failure”)
- 心理 (shinri, “mentality”)
- 心理学 (shinrigaku, “psychology”)
- 心労 (shinrō, “anxiety, worry”)
- 安心 (anshin, “relief, peace of mind”)
- 以心伝心 (ishin-denshin, “empathy”)
- 一心 (isshin, “wholeheartedness”)
- 遠心 (enshin)
- 会心 (kaishin, “congeniality”)
- 外心 (gaishin, “outer center”)
- 核心 (kakushin, “kernel, core”)
- 感心 (kanshin, “admiration”)
- 肝心 (kanjin, “essential, fundamental”)
- 関心 (kanshin, “concern, interest”)
- 求心 (kyūshin)
- 狭心症 (kyōshinshō, “heart attack”)
- 虚栄心 (kyoeishin, “vanity”)
- 虚心 (kyoshin, “impartiality”)
- 疑心 (gishin, “doubt, suspicion”)
- 苦心 (kushin, “pain, anxiety”)
- 決心 (kesshin, “determination”)
- 決心する (kesshin suru, “decide”)
- 好奇心 (kōkishin, “curiosity”)
- 孝心 (kōshin, “filial devotion”)
- 細心 (saishin, “careful; discreet”)
- 脂肪心 (shibōshin, “fatty heart”)
- 初心 (shoshin, “original intention”)
- 衷心 (shūshin, “innermost feelings”)
- 中心 (shūshin, “center, middle”)
- 重心 (jūshin, “center of gravity”)
- 人心 (jinshin, “human nature”)
- 都心 (toshin, “city center”)
- 童心 (dōshin, “child's mind”)
- 内心 (naishin, “innermost thoughts”)
- 熱心 (nesshin, “zeal, enthusiasm”)
- 腹心 (fukushin, “trusted friend”)
- 腐心 (fushin, “taking pains to”)
- 本心 (honshin, “true feelings”)
- 無関心 (mukanshin, “apathetic”)
- 無心 (mushin, “innocence”)
- 野心 (yashin, “ambition, aspiration”)
- 用心 (yōjin), 要心 (yōjin, “care, precaution”)
- 良心 (ryōshin, “conscience”)
- 炉心 (roshin, “nuclear reactor core”)
- 心算 (tsumori)
- 稈心 (migo)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 心 |
| こころ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨ko2ko2ro2⟩ → */kəkərə/ → /kokoro/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kəkərə.
Pronunciation
Noun
心 (hiragana こころ, rōmaji kokoro)
- mind, heart, spirit, soul; thoughts, ideas
- 2007 March 16, CLAMP, “
Chapitre .134唯 一 の存 在 [Chapitre.134 The Only One]”, in ツバサ ＲＥＳＥＲＶｏｉｒ ＣＨＲｏＮｉＣＬＥ [Tsubasa: RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE], volume 18 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 31–32:- ‥‥それでも行きます 小狼君の心を取り戻す為に
- ‥‥Sore demo ikimasu Shaoran-kun no kokoro o torimodosu tame ni
- ‥‥Even so, I will go on, to get back Xiaolang-kun’s heart
- ‥‥それでも行きます 小狼君の心を取り戻す為に
- 心の底から ― kokoro no soko kara ― from the bottom of one's heart
- 人の心を奪う ― hito no kokoro o ubau ― to steal someone's heart → to captivate someone
-
- attention, mind, interest
- heart, feelings, emotion, emotional state
- wholeheartedness, sincerity, true heart
- sympathy, heart, consideration, generous disposition
- a meaning, essence
- an answer (for example, to a riddle)
- the heart (organ in the body)
- Synonym: 心臓 (shinzō)
- the chest
- Synonym: 胸 (mune)
- the title of a book
- Synonym: 書名 (shomei)
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 心心, 心々 (kokoro-gokoro)
- 心から (kokoro kara, “heart and soul”)
- 心当たり (kokoroatari, “having some knowledge of”)
- 心意気 (kokoroiki, “spirit, disposition”)
- 心得る (kokoroeru, “be informed”)
- 心掛ける (kokorogakeru, “bear in mind”)
- 心構え (kokorogamae, “preparedness”)
- 心変わり (kokorogawari, “inconstancy”)
- 志す (kokorozasu, “aspire, plan”)
- 心遣い (kokorozukai, “solicitude, anxiety”)
- 心尽し, 心尽くし (kokorozukushi, “kindness, consideration”)
- 心付け (kokorozuke, “gratuity”)
- 心強い (kokorozuyoi, “heartening”)
- 心残り (kokoronokori, “reluctance”)
- 心太 (tokoroten)
- 心細い (kokorobosoi, “helpless, forlorn”)
- 心待ち (kokoromachi, “anticipation”)
- 試みる (kokoromiru, “try”)
- 心持, 心持ち (kokoromochi, “feeling, mood”)
- 心地 (kokochi)
- 心許ない (kokoro-motonai, “uneasy, unsure”)
- 心行く (kokoroyuku)
- 快い, 心良い (kokoroyoi, “pleasant”)
- 心を動かす (kokoro o ugokasu, “impress”)
- 心を配る (kokoro o kubaru, “give attention”)
- 漢心 (Kara-gokoro)
- 気心 (kigokoro, “temper, disposition”)
- 恋心 (koigokoro, “awakening of love”)
- 子供心 (kodomo-gokoro, “childlike mind”)
- 静心 (shizugokoro)
- 掌 (tanagokoro, “palm”)
- 真心 (magokoro, “sincerity”)
- 物心 (monogokoro, “judgment”)
- 大和心 (Yamato-gokoro, “Japanese spirit”)
Verb
心する (hiragana こころする, rōmaji kokoro suru)
- to caution, be careful
- c. 951–953, Gosen Wakashū (book 16, poem 1138)
- 心して稀に吹きつる秋風を山おろしにはなさじとぞ思ふ
- kokoro shite mare ni fukitsuru akikaze o yamaoroshi ni wa nasaji to zo omou
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 心して稀に吹きつる秋風を山おろしにはなさじとぞ思ふ
- Synonyms: 気をつかう (ki o tsukau), 気をつける (ki o tsukeru), 注意する (chūi suru)
- c. 951–953, Gosen Wakashū (book 16, poem 1138)
- to feel a certain emotion
Conjugation
Conjugation of "心する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 心し | こころし | kokoro shi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 心し | こころし | kokoro shi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 心する | こころする | kokoro suru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 心する | こころする | kokoro suru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 心すれ | こころすれ | kokoro sure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 心せよ¹ 心しろ² |
こころせよ¹ こころしろ² |
kokoro seyo¹ kokoro shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 心される | こころされる | kokoro sareru | |
| Causative | 心させる 心さす |
こころさせる こころさす |
kokoro saseru kokoro sasu | |
| Potential | 心できる | こころできる | kokoro dekiru | |
| Volitional | 心しよう | こころしよう | kokoro shiyō | |
| Negative | 心しない | こころしない | kokoro shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 心せず | こころせず | kokoro sezu | |
| Formal | 心します | こころします | kokoro shimasu | |
| Perfective | 心した | こころした | kokoro shita | |
| Conjunctive | 心して | こころして | kokoro shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 心すれば | こころすれば | kokoro sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Classical conjugation of "心す" (サ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 心せ | こころせ | kokorose |
| Continuative (連用形) | 心し | こころし | kokorosi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 心す | こころす | kokorosu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 心する | こころする | kokorosuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 心すれ | こころすれ | kokorosure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 心せよ | こころせよ | kokoroseyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 心せず | こころせず | kokorosezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 心すれど | こころすれど | kokorosuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 心すれば | こころすれば | kokorosureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 心せば | こころせば | kokoroseba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 心しき | こころしき | kokorosiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 心しけり | こころしけり | kokorosikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 心しつ | こころしつ | kokorositu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 心しぬ | こころしぬ | kokorosinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 心せり 心したり | こころせり こころしたり | kokoroseri kokorositari |
Derived terms
- 占, 卜 (ura, “divination, fortunetelling”)
- 心もなし (ura mo nashi)
Derived terms
- 心寂しい, 心淋しい (urasabishii)
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 心 |
| しん Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
/sim/ → /simʉ/ → */ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/
From Middle Chinese 心 (MC siɪm).
The Buddhist sense is a translation of Pali and Sanskrit चित्त (citta).
Alternative forms
- (center): 芯
Noun
- heart, mind, core
- spirit, vitality
- inner strength, marrow
- the center of something:
- a wick
- (Buddhism) citta: the ego or spirit
- (Buddhism) Short for 心王 (shinnō): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - the heart (organ in the body)
- lead (as of a pencil)
- padding
- a companion, fellow
- the center of focus:
- a basis, foundation
Derived terms
Proper noun
- (Chinese astronomy) the Heart constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
- a male or female given name
- a surname
Korean
Old Japanese
Etymology 1
From Proto-Japonic *kəkərə.
Noun
心 (ko2ko2ro2) (kana こころ)
Derived terms
- 吾が心 (aga ko2ko2ro2)
Descendants
- Japanese: 心 (kokoro)
Noun
心 (ko2ko2ri) (kana ここり)
Derived terms
- 田心姫 (Tago2ri-pi1me1)
Derived terms
- 占, 卜 (ura, “divination, fortunetelling”)
- 心もなし (ura mo nasi)
Descendants
- Japanese: 心 (ura)
References
- Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.
Vietnamese
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